苏格兰的玛蒂尔达是英王亨利一世的王后，中世纪最具权势和影响力的女性之一，她 携古英王室血统与亨利一世结合，在任期频繁参与政治事务，慷慨献身赞助活动，有极大 的王后权运用空间，发挥了重要的影响力。为补充叙述性史料带来的局限，本文以特许状 和书信为主要史料，具体论述玛蒂尔达在政治和宗教事务中的贡献和王后权行使的空间， 探讨她在赞助活动中扮演的角色和产生的影响。玛蒂尔达的古英王室血统巩固了亨利一世 继位之初的王位合法性，这桩婚姻缓和了英格兰人与诺曼人之间的敌对情绪，玛蒂尔达在 任期积极担任两个民族的赞助人，不但为自己争得了良好的声誉，也促进了民族的融合， 有助于英王国的和平统治和民族身份认同的形成。玛蒂尔达的血统身份以及由此惠及亨利 一世的益处反过来给予了玛蒂尔达相当的地位和权力，出于对王后的重视和信任，亨利一 世赠予玛蒂尔达大量寡妇产领地，丰厚的财富和资源足以使她拥有施展自身影响力的能 力。在政治事务上，作为调解人，她有影响国王的能力，她不但能按传统性别意识的期待 在英格兰授职权争论中担任亨利一世、坎特伯雷大主教安瑟伦和教皇帕斯卡二世之间的调 解人，成功缓和各方关系，还能借调解之势达成自己的目的；作为监护人，玛蒂尔达在亨 利一世身处诺曼底期间担任英格兰监护人，以首席司法官的身份主持王室财税法庭，频繁 参与政治实践，有极大的王后权运用空间，拥有仅次于国王的权力。在赞助活动上，玛蒂 尔达有意将自己纳入英格兰和欧洲大陆的赞助关系网以扩大自身的影响力。宗教赞助方 面，玛蒂尔达赞助建立了奉奥古斯丁教规的阿尔德盖特圣三一修道院，促进了奥古斯丁会 在英格兰的发展，她积极献身基督教慈善赞助，赞助建立了圣贾尔斯麻风病医院，为中世 纪英格兰公共医疗卫生的发展做出了贡献。在文学艺术领域，本着对自己母系血统的身份 认同，她成功将盎格鲁-撒克逊风格引入欧洲大陆，并在赞助人与被赞助者的双向互动中 塑造了理想王后的行为，为王后地位的发展和行为的规范做出了长远的贡献。从政治参与 和赞助活动着手，借助特许状从官方文书的客观视角论述玛蒂尔达在政治领域权力行使的 空间，结合书信从主观角度剖析玛蒂尔达施展自身影响力的程度和边界，玛蒂尔达的王后 权行使既具有普遍性，也具有特殊性，玛蒂尔达能在时代和性别的双重限制下施展自身影 响力，她站在王后权逐渐被推出权力中心圈层这道下坡路的顶峰。正如同时代史家对她的 评价，她是英格兰人民虔诚善良的好王后，是国王的得力政治助手，是教会和文学艺术的 慷慨赞助人。

Matilda of Scotland was the queen of King Henry I of England, one of the most powerful and influential women in the Middle Ages. She carried the royal blood of ancient England and married with King Henry I. During her term of office, she frequently participated in political affairs, and generously devoted herself to sponsoring activities. In order to supplement the limitation brought by narrative historical materials, this dissertation takes charters and letters as the main historical materials to specifically discuss Matilda's contribution in political and religious affairs and the space for the exercise of the queen's power, as well as probes into her role and influence in the sponsorship activities. Matilda's ancient English royal lineage consolidated the legitimacy of the throne at the beginning of Henry I's succession. This marriage eased the hostility between the English and the Normans. Matilda actively acted as the patron of the two peoples during her term of office, which not only won a good reputation for herself, but also promoted the integration of two peoples and contributed to the peaceful rule of the English kingdom and the formation of national identity. Matilda's lineage and its benefits to Henry I in turn gave Matilda considerable status and power. Out of respect and trust for his queen, Henry I bestowed many dower lands to Matilda, her wealth and resources were sufficient to enable her to exert her influence. In political affairs, as a intercessor, she had the ability to influence the king. She not only acted as the intercessor between Henry I, Archbishop Anselm of Canterbury and Pope Pascal II during the Investiture Contest of England according to the expectation of traditional gender ideology, but also successfully eased the hostility between the English and the Normans, and achieved her own goals through intercession. As regent of England, Matilda acted as regent of England when Henry I was in Normandy. She presided over the Court of the Exchequer as chief justiciar in Henry’s absence, and frequently participated in political practice. Matilda enjoyed great space for the use of the queen's power and had the power second only to the king. In patronage activities, Matilda deliberately included herself into the network of patronage in England and continent to expand her influence. In the aspect of religious patronage, Matilda sponsored the establishment of the Holy Trinity Abbey, Aldegate in accordance with the Augustinian rules, which promoted the expand of the Augustinian canons in England. She actively devoted herself to the Christian charity patronage and sponsored the establishment of St. Giles leprosy Hospital, which made a contribution to the development of public health care in England in the Middle Ages. In the field of literature and art, based on the identity of her maternal lineage, she successfully introduced the Anglo-Saxon style to continent, and shaped the behavior of the ideal queen in the two-way interaction between the patron and the receiver, making a long-term contribution to the development of the status of the queen and the norms of behavior. Starting from the political participation and patronage activities, this dissertation discusses the space of Matilda's exercise of power in the political field from the objective perspective of official documents with the help of charter, and analyzes the degree and boundary of Matilda's exercise of her influence from the subjective perspective with the combination of letters. The exercise of the queenship of Matilda has both universality and particularity. Matilda was able to exert her influence within the constraints of her time and gender, and she stood at the peak of the downward trend that queenly power was gradually pushed out of the central circle of royal power. She was a good queen of the people of England, a good political aide to the king, and a generous patron of the church and of literature and art.