农村基础教育质量的提高是我国当前教育发展的重中之重，农村中小学校长领导力水平的高低及其作用的充分发挥，对我国农村中小学教育可持续性发展起着举足轻重的作用。当前的校长领导力研究偏重于城市，缺少对农村校长领导力问题的探讨。本研究对农村中小学校长领导力的评判标准、理论框架、农村中小学校长领导力现状及其提升对策建议进行了探究。研究采用分层抽样，以X市Y区50所农村中小学867名老师、学生及家长为样本，对其所在学校校长领导力进行了调查研究。通过文献法、问卷调查、访谈、观察、个案文本分析等方法进行相关数据信息的收集与整理，经过统计软件SPSS和Excel对数据进行处理和分析，得出农村中小学校长领导力研究结论：1. 农村中小学校长领导力是否高效评判三标准：学校教育教学资源是否得到高效配置（资源配置），师生教育教学信息需求是否得到满足（信息效率），师生教育教学主观自利愿景与学校组织目标客观要求是否一致（激励相容）。2. 农村中小学校长领导力的理论框架由三个维度二十七个项目要素组成。3.农村中小学校长领导力目前处于中等偏低水平，在三个维度上呈“V”字形关系分布，即农村中小学校长资源配置领导力略高，信息效率领导力最低，激励相容领导力较低。4.提升农村中小学校长领导力的机制设计，一是校长资源配置领导力机制设计，即建立“教育优先区”机制、建立“补偿教育”机制、建立校长领导组织管理机制。二是校长信息效率领导力机制设计，即建立校长和教师培训机制、建立学校与上级及师生家长沟通机制、建立城乡教师流动机制。三是校长激励相容领导力机制设计，即建立教师激励机制、建立学生激励机制、建立教师心理健康保健机制。本研究还做了人口学变量与农村中小学校长领导力的独立样本T检验、单因素方差分析和均值比较分析以及农村中小学校长领导力的个案文本分析，得出了二十一项与农村中小学校长领导力相关的研究结论。

The quality enhancement of the countryside elementary education is the most important thing in the development of our country current education. The level of the principal leadership of elementary and junior schools in rural region is high or low, whose function is full displayed or not, which is pivotal function for the education sustainable development for our countryside elementary and junior schools. The researches of the current principal leadership prefer to the urban principal quality, while the researches of the countryside principal leadership are fewer. This study focuses on exploring and researching the judgment standards, the theory frame, the present situation and the promoting advice of the principal leadership of the countryside elementary and junior schools.This study, through the stratified sampling, takes 867 teachers, students and students’ parents of 50 elementary and junior schools in X area Y city as a whole sample to study their principal leadership. Through such methods as literature method, questionnaire research, interview, observation, case text analysis and so forth, the author collects and clears up the correlative data and information. This study, through the statistic software of SPSS and Excel, deals with and analyzes the collected data and information until obtains the final conclusion.1. There are three criteria of whether effective or not of the countryside principal leadership. Whether the school resources of education and teaching are allocated high effectively or not (resources allocation). Whether the teachers’ and students’ needs of education and teaching are met or not (informational efficiency). Whether the subjective and self-interest visions of the teachers’ and students’ education and teaching with the objective requirements of school organizational targets are consistent or not(incentive compatibility) .2. The structure of the principal leadership theory is made up of three latitudes and twenty-seven main elements and items.3. The current situation of the countryside principal lead ship is below par, whose distribution shows “V” shape. First, the leadership of the resources allocation is little higher than the average level. Next, the leadership of the information efficiency is the lowest. Last, the leadership of the incentive is lower.4. There are three pieces of advice on the mechanism design of promoting countryside elementary and junior schools principal leadership. First, mechanism design of the principal resources allocation leadership includes establishing the education first area mechanism, establishing the compensatory education mechanism and establishing the principals leading organizational management mechanism. Next, mechanism design of the principal information efficiency leadership includes establishing the principal and teacher training mechanism, establishing between the schools and the superiors, between the teachers and the students, between the schools and the student parents communicating mechanism, establishing the city and countryside teacher flowing mechanism. Last, mechanism design of principal incentive compatibility leadership includes establishing the teacher incentive mechanism, establishing the student incentive mechanism and establishing the teacher mental health care mechanism. This study also makes the independent-samples T test, makes the single factor variance analysis, and makes the average value comparative analysis between the demographic variables and the countryside elementary and junior schools principal leadership, the case text analysis of the principal leadership as well, which obtains 21 items related study conclusions to countryside elementary and junior schools principal leadership.