面对全球淡水资源短缺的局面，随着可再生能源与膜技术结合研究的发展，太阳能驱动苦咸水淡化技术得到关注。本文提出对现有PV-RO系统进行降低能耗和储存能量的两点优化目的，通过文献调研，阐述了太阳能驱动苦咸水淡化系统的原理，探究了进水温度、进水盐度、能量回收、出水盐浓度和出水回收率对反渗透系统单位能耗的影响，并通过已有系统的运行数据进行能效分析，提出通过控制进水浓度、改进光伏面板和改进能量储存装置的方法来降低吨水能耗的优化设计方案：当系统的日处理量为1t，进水为NaCl溶液，浓度为3600μs/cm，采用浮动式光伏面板，则优化后的日均系统能耗为8.28kWh。采用水塔将太阳能转化为重力势能储存，弥补获取太阳能的间歇性，维持系统稳定运行。

Faced with the global shortage of fresh water resources, with the development of research on the combination of renewable energy and membrane technology, solar-driven brackish water desalination technology has attracted attention. This paper proposes two points of optimization for reducing energy consumption and energy storage of existing PV-RO systems. Through literature research, the principle of solar-driven brackish water desalination system is expounded, and the impact of inlet water temperature, inlet water salinity, energy recovery, effluent salt concentration and effluent recovery rate on energy consumption of the reverse osmosis system is explored. Through an energy efficiency analysis, this paper proposes methods: reducing the concentration of influent, improving photovoltaic panels and improving energy storage: when the system's daily processing capacity is 1t, the influent is NaCl solution, the concentration is 3600μs / cm, and the floating photovoltaic panel is adopted, the optimized daily system energy consumption is 8.28kWh. A water tower is used to convert solar energy into gravitational potential energy storage to make up for the intermittency of obtaining solar energy.