内容摘要本文围绕互联网的最本质特点：“虚拟”和互动，聚焦网络空间中“现实的个人”，探讨人的网络化生存特征、生存空间、生存机制和生存样态，揭示网络时代人性与人的本质、人的主体性、人的异化及其超越，初步论证和阐述了网络时代人的生存方式的基本模型——“网络化生存”。网络化生存是人们基于互联网的存在样态和生活模式。网络化生存源于现实与虚拟之间的相互作用，核心是人的虚拟实践。网络化生存作为人类生存方式的历史构型，是“物的依赖化生存”和“自由个性化生存”之间的一个重要生存方式阶段和形态；网络化生存作为人类生存方式的现实构型，凸现出灵肉分离、身份飘移，以及意识和潜意识向现实延伸的特征，这些新特征使人的自然、社会和精神属性得到丰富和发展。网络虚拟空间是网络化生存的特有环境。网络虚拟空间以0和1的二进制为转换法则及运算因子，以比特为信息的基本单元，所有的信息都是经过转换成计算机语言后的数字化信息，因而空间方位和容量大大拓展。网络虚拟空间的卓越性，根源于“虚拟”和“互动”。“虚拟”包含可能性、替代性、差异性、指向性，以及人机共生性和人际非线性，具有模拟、挖潜、创造的强大功能，成为不断建构人的网络化生存方式的崭新空间形式。在网络虚拟空间内外，现实与虚拟之间的相互作用引发两个不同的程序：一个是虚拟现实，一个是新的现实性。这两个程序是双向作用的：现实介入虚拟，虚拟汇入现实。于是，现实与虚拟之间的互动成为一个生产性的动态机制。这一机制包含介入、选择、融合、自解四个环节。由这个机制出发，网络化生存的交互关系可以划分为三种类型：人机交互、人人交互和主体内在互动。从人与网络化的契合程度入手，可将人们划分为三种世代构型：网络原生代、网络次生代和网络边缘代。网络原生代与网络技术和信息革命相生相伴，注定成为未来社会变迁和发展的生力军；网络次生代积极而艰苦地学习网络，在适应中求得生存；网络边缘代由于种种原因拒绝网络或被网络拒绝，处于明显的生存劣势。网络世代之间存在数字化鸿沟，并不可避免地引发冲突。网络化生存还有另一类样态：异化的样态。网络异化是一种技术异化，也是人类交往的异化，其实质是人的本质异化。网络异化有三种主要行为类型，即网络沉溺、网络犯罪和网络霸权。克服异化，需要一种综合性的和谐生存观念，即自我“合理认同”观念，社会“以人为本”观念，人与自然、社会和谐共存观念。在全面建设社会主义和谐社会的现实运动中，和谐发展的网络化生存方式体现为“以人为本”、人与社会互动的生存模式，这一模式的基本特征是：具有民主与法制相互促进的政策环境，自律和他律相结合的人文道德环境，主体性素质全面发展的生成机制，以及平等共享的网络资源条件。主题词：网络 虚拟 互动 现实与虚拟 网络化生存方式

AbstractHaving based on the two essential characteristics of the network--- virtuality and interaction, the thesis focuses on “real-life individuals” in the network space, and probes into the characteristics, space, mechanism and forms of people existing in the network. Revealing humanism and human nature, subjectivity and creativity of human being, dissimilation and transcendence of people in the network era, this research illustrates and establishes a tentative model of living style for people living in a network era--- “network existence ”.Network existence is the existing form and living style of people basing upon network. As a result of the interaction between reality and virtuality, the kernel of network existence is the virtual practice of man. As a living style of human being in the history, network existence is an important stage and an important living style between “dependant existence on substances” and “free individualized existence”; as a living style of human being in reality, network existence reflects a separation of soul and body and is characterized by a extension of consciousness and sub-consciousness to reality. These new characters of network existence enrich and expand the natural, social and spiritual attributes of human beings.Virtual space in the network is an environment peculiar to network existence. It works through binary conversion (0,1), and uses bites as the basic information units. Since all information is digital information that has been converted to computer language, capacity of the space is largely expanded. The merits of virtual network space lie in the two characteristics “virtuality” and “interaction”. “Virtuality” includes such characters as possibility, substitutability, discrepancy and directionality. It also indicates a co-existence and a non-linear relation between man and computer. with the powerful functions of simulating, potential-taping and creating, virtuality is now a new kind of space continuously constructing network living styles of humanity.Inside and outside the network virtual space, the reality and the virtuality interact with each other and activate two different programs: the virtual reality and the actual reality. The interacting effects between two programs are two-way: the reality intervenes in the virtuality, and the virtuality amalgamates with the reality. The interaction between reality and virtuality hereby becomes a productive dynamic mechanism, and this mechanism consists of four steps: intervention, selection, amalgamation and self-extraction. From this mechanism, we can classify the interactive relation of network existence into three types: human-computer interaction, human-human interaction and inner reaction in the subjects. According to the extent of interaction between man and the network, people can be divided into three generations, i.e. network primary generation, network next-generation and network marginal generation. The primary generation lives side by side with the progress of network technology and the information revolution, and they are destined to become the main force in social change and development in the future; the next-generation zealously and laboriously studies the network, and they adapt themselves to the network for existence; the marginal generation that refuses or is refused by network for certain reasons are in a obviously inferior position. There exist wide gaps between network generations, and conflicts are inevitable. The only possible consequence of the conflicts between network generations is that as network develops in a spiral and flexuous pattern, those individuals and groups that actively explore the network benefit from network existence and thus are elites of the age.Another form of network existence is dissimilation. Network dissimilation is a kind of technological dissimilation as well as a dissimilation of intercourse between human beings, but substantively it is a dissimilation of human nature. Network dissimilation is reflected in three main types of behaviors: network indulgence, cyber crime and network hegemony. To remove dissimilation, an integrative concept of harmonious existence is essential, and it is made up of the concept of reasonable self-identity, the people-oriented concept in the society, and the concept of harmonious co-existence between human, nature and society. In the present movement of building socialist harmonious society, harmonious development of network existence is embodied by a “people-oriented” and human-society interactive living style. The essence of this living style is as follows: an environment that adopts policies to accelerate the mutual advancement between democracy and the legal system, a civil and moral environment that associates self-disciple with discipline, a productive mechanism that promotes the overall development of subjective attributes, and network resources that are equally shared by every citizen. Key words: Virtuality , Reality and Virtuality, Network Existence