地震往往给人们的身心造成巨大的伤害，尤其是处于发展关键期的青少年，由于他们更易受到灾难的影响。而创伤后应激障碍被认为是人们在经历创伤事件后最典型的消极心理反应，同时在经历灾难之后，人们也可能在与苦难抗争的过程中发生积极的变化，实现自身的成长，这也就是创伤后成长。如何减少灾后青少年在创伤后的消极心理反应，更多地促进其实现灾难后的积极变化，这对于灾后干预是一个非常重要的关注方向。在影响创伤后心理反应的众多因素中，依恋关系被认为是非常关键的一个因素。对于PTSD而言，依恋是一种保护机制，可以降低人们的消极心理感受，缓解PTSD的症状；对于PTG而言，依恋是一种促进机制，能够使人们更积极主动地调动自身资源，在灾难后寻求新的意义从而实现成长。 本研究于汶川地震后三个时间点（震后1.5年、2年、2.5年）在地震后极重灾区汶川县、茂县两地中学进行施测，最终采用三个时间点都参与施测的被试151人。研究选用创伤暴露问卷、父母与同伴依恋问卷、应对方式问卷、创伤后应激障碍量表、创伤后成长问卷，共包含两个研究，分别考察依恋、应对方式与PTSD及依恋、应对方式及PTG之间的关系。 本研究结果发现，震后一年半青少年的依恋可以直接负向预测震后两年半的PTSD，但对震后两年半的PTG预测作用不显著；震后一年半青少年的依恋可以通过震后两年的负向宣泄、回避负向预测震后两年半的PTSD，但是不能通过震后两年的积极认知和寻求支持预测震后两年半的PTSD；震后一年半的依恋能通过震后两年的积极认知正向预测震后两年半的PTG，却不能通过震后两年的负向宣泄、回避和寻求支持预测震后两年半的PTG。

Exposure to significant natural disaster can be associated with serious psychological outcomes, and posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) is the most common posttraumatic reaction. However, there are many new possibilities after traumatic experiences, which called posttraumatic growth(PTG). Reviewing previous studies, attachment plays an important role in development of posttraumatic reactions. For PTSD, attachment is like a protective factor, which can decrease uncomfortable feelings and prevent further risk behaviors; For PTG, attachment is like a promotive factor, which helps use oneself’s resources and abilities to make positive changes after disasters. Furthermore, attachment can influence one’s coping styles, and coping styles is also important for posttraumatic reactions. Therefore, it is of significance to examine the reaction among attachment, coping styles, PTSD and PTG, which can provide empirical support for theory studies and bring implication for intervention. To examine the relation among attachment, coping styles, posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD)and posttraumatic growth(PTG), the current study investigates 151 adolescents at 1.5(T1), 2(T2), 2.5(T3) years after Wenchuan earthquake by using traumatic exposure questionnaire, posttraumatic stress disorder inventory, posttraumatic growth questionnaire, and parent and peer inventory. Using regression analysis to examine the relation among T1 attachment, T2 coping styles, T3 PTSD or T3 PTG separately. The results show that T1attachment has a direct and negative effect on T3 PTSD, but has non-significant effect on T3 PTG; T1 attachment has an indirect and negative effect on T3 PTSD via T2 venting and T2 avoidance separately, but has a non-significant effect on T3 PTSD by T3 positive reappraisal or T3 searching support; T1 attachment has an indirect and positive effect on T3 PTG by T2 positive reappraisal, but has non-significant effect on T3 PTG via T2 venting, avoidance or searching support.