贫困问题是一个世界性的问题，也是我国长期致力于解决的问题。自精准扶贫政策提出以来，我国的精准扶贫工作取得了良好的成效，也创造出多种扶贫路径。在2020年这一精准扶贫的收官之年，本研究选择河南省淅川县进行精准扶贫路径的研究，旨在为政府巩固精准扶贫成果、建立长效防返贫机制提供理论支持。在研究方法上，本研究突破传统，选择定性比较分析方法对中小型样本进行运算分析，对多种条件变量组成的路径进行筛选和简化，最终得到5种解释模型，分别为：以易地搬迁政策为核心，政府帮扶助力的精准扶贫模型、以解决“支出型贫困”问题为目标的健康扶贫模型、以教育扶贫为基础，多条件因素助力解决代际贫困模型、以帮扶为主的“造血式”技术扶贫模型，及以保障性政策为主的“兜底式”扶贫模型。最后，对淅川县政府提出做好易地搬迁的保障工作、发展产业扶贫与就业扶贫相结合的长线扶贫模式、完善教育精准扶贫及社会保障兜底扶贫制度、重视多元扶贫力量的参与及将返贫防控纳入精准扶贫工作的意见。

Poverty is a worldwide problem, and it is also a problem that China has been committed to solving for a long time. Since the targeted poverty alleviation policy was put forward, China has achieved remarkable results, and created various poverty alleviation paths. In the year 2020, the year of ending and success of the policy, this study chose Xichuan County, Henan Province to find out targeted poverty alleviation paths. This study also aimed to provide theoretical support for the government to consolidate the results of targeted poverty alleviation and to establish a long-term prevention mechanism for poverty return.

In terms of research methods, this research breaks the tradition and selects qualitative comparative analysis to conduct operational analysis on medium samples, screens and simplifies the paths composed of multiple condition variables, and finally obtains the five most explanatory conditional configurations, focusing on relocation policies, health policies, education policies, technical assistance measures, and supportive policies respectively.

        At last, several suggestions are given to the Xichuan government. First, do well in the security work of relocation policy. Second, develop a long-term poverty alleviation model that combines industrial poverty alleviation and employment poverty alleviation. Third, improve education system and social security system. Fourth, attach importance to the participation of multiple poverty alleviation forces. Last, establish prevention mechanism for returning to poverty.