能源是国家重要的战略资源，在国家经济社会中发挥着十分重要的保障和促进作用，同时也是制约经济社会发展的重要因素。随着中国能源对外依赖性不断加大，能源贸易在国家经济发展中的作用已经凸显出来，需要深入地探讨和研究。本文试图通过分析国际能源市场、中国能源贸易的总量、结构和价格、能源贸易与经济增长、能源贸易中的国际竞争与合作以及能源安全等，对中国的能源贸易及其发展提出有价值的对策选择。论文从三方面展开研究。首先是从中国能源贸易所面对的国际能源市场分析入手，得出国际能源市场是一个“复合”的寡头市场，存在多个层次的博弈、合作和竞争，受经济因素与非经济因素共同影响。从理论上说，能源的价格取决于供给与需求的均衡点，而能源行业边际成本具有递增的特点，所以均衡价格的变化从长期来看具有持续上涨的趋势，由此决定了实际能源价格从长期来看也必然是具有上涨的趋势。事实上，能源实际价格与理论上的分析具有高度一致性。其次，分析了中国能源贸易的现状和对外依赖程度，以及能源贸易影响经济增长的机理，认为能源进口和出口对于国民经济都有促进作用，都是“注入”行为，而非传统意义上的“漏出”行为。能源出口可以直接带动经济增长，但由于能源产品属于价值低的初级产品，因而对于经济增长的作用是十分有限的，而能源进口所起的作用，通过国民经济活动的传递作用，拉长了产业链条，增加了产品的附加值，从而更大程度地促进了经济增长。最后，分析了中国能源贸易面临的外部环境和国际能源竞争格局，利用博弈论分析的方法，分析了美国和中国两个竞争对手的博弈均衡。当石油成为中国的急需资源，石油也就可能成为美国用来遏制中国的最佳武器，中美关于能源的竞争博弈将会长期存在，中国的能源安全也会受到长期的威胁，论文进而通过确立指标体系评价了中国的能源安全状况，并提出相关的政策建议和选择。中国要想化解能源安全风险，解决能源安全中存在的问题，需要在整个能源生产、能源贸易、能源消费、能源储备等方面做出必要的政策调整，通过实施多元化策略、走出去战略和进口为主战略，来化解中国的能源安全风险。在新的政策架构中，能源贸易政策的选择将对国家能源安全举足轻重。

As national strategic resources, energy plays an important role in the protection and promotion of nation’s economic society, is also a main restricting factor in the development of economic society at the same time. The impacts of energy trade in China’s economic development are more and more evident along with the increasing external dependence. Therefore, a further discussion and study in China’s energy trade is necessary. This paper attempts to bring forward valuable countermeasures for China’s energy trade and its development, via analyzing international energy market, volume of trade and structure as well as price of China’s energy trade, the relationship between energy’s trade and economic growth, international energy competition and cooperation, national energy security, etc.This paper engages its study from three aspects. Firstly, after having analyzed the international energy market which China faced with, the author comes to the conclusion that the international energy market is a “compound” Oligopoly market, in which there are multi-level game, cooperation and competition, influenced by economic factors and non-economic factors. Theoretically speaking, the price of energy lies on the equilibrium point, in a long run, the trend of Equilibrium Price is to continuously rise as a result of the energy industry’s increase-by-degrees marginal cost. Therefore, the factual price of energy is in a trend of rising in a long run. As a matter of fact, higher coherence exists between the factual energy price and the theoretical analysis.Secondly, the author analyzes the current situation of China’s energy trade and its degree of external dependence as well as the mechanism by which energy trade affects economic growth, then come to the conclusion that the import and export of energy can both promote national economic growth, they are both “injection”, especially, import is not “leakage” anymore, which was considered so in traditional view. The export of energy can increase economy growth directly, but it only has limited effect for energy product is some kind of raw material with low value. While the import of energy contributes more to economic growth, with elongated industrial chains and added value to products through the transfer function of national economic activities.Finally, the author analyzes the exterior environment and international energy competition patterns which China’s energy trade faced with, and uses game theory to analyze the Game Equilibrium between US and China on energy import. When petroleum comes to China’s imperative resource, it may become the very weapon that US use to keep China within limits. This competitive game in getting resource will exist for a long time, so it will definitely threaten China’s energy security. Therefore, the paper evaluates the situation of China’s energy security by establishing indicators system, and puts forward correlative policy suggestions and choices.China needs to make some necessary policy adjustment in following aspects: such as the manufacture of energy, energy trade, energy consumption, energy storage, etc. China also needs to implement multi-resource policy, going-out strategy, mainly-import strategy, to get China out of the risk of energy security. In the new policy frame, the choice of energy trade will play an important role in national energy security.