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中文题名：

 法国思想家朱利安·班达的知识分子理论探析    

姓名：

 段建雯    

保密级别：

 公开    

论文语种：

 中文    

学科代码：

 060101    

学科专业：

 历史学    

学生类型：

 学士    

学位：

 历史学学士    

学位年度：

 2021    

学校：

 北京师范大学    

校区：

 北京校区培养    

学院：

 历史学院    

第一导师姓名：

 庞冠群    

第一导师单位：

 北京师范大学历史学院    

提交日期：

 2021-06-25    

答辩日期：

 2021-05-24    

中文关键词：

 朱利安班达 ; 介入 ; 知识分子 ; 德雷福斯事件    

中文摘要：
以发生在19世纪末、20世纪初的德雷福斯事件为契机，法国思想家朱利安·班达开始面向公共领域并关注知识分子与政治现实的关系。班达认为知识分子须在精神层面隔绝于俗世，又必须在现实层面捍卫正义，因此知识分子仅能通过间接的方式而非实际行动发挥影响。现代知识分子的诞生不仅源于其在德雷福斯事件中采取的集体行为，也关乎理性危机背景下知识阶层对重塑自身职能的理论讨论，班达反对知识分子介入时关注实践精神和实用目的，与部分德雷福斯派同僚产生严重分歧。一战后班达仍坚持理性是知识分子介入的基本原则，在怀疑论引起的思想体系多元化思潮下，他明确放弃传统理性主义当中的概念分类以规避歧义，并批判现代知识分子的政治激情和极端民族主义以捍卫普遍主义。班达的知识分子理论愈发趋向保守，二元论特征亦更明确，甚至表现出对介入行为的彻底排斥。30年代，国际上纳粹势力扩张，法国国内右翼势力不断冲击第三共和国，班达为回应紧迫的现实政治需求，开始以“欧洲民族”为单位设计知识分子的介入方案。班达打破此前他思想结构内先验概念和现实客体的二元对立，主张由知识分子在社会上建立特定道德秩序。这一时期班达赋予知识分子的实际行动以合法性，但其理论内部的逻辑缺陷显示出他的思想困境。二战后，班达试图借清算之名重塑普遍主义和理性概念在法国知识界的地位，明确知识分子应对普遍理性负责。班达阐释了知识分子介入的合理性，有效回击了右翼势力对知识分子的污名化；他对现代知识分子的定义在知识分子专业化和产业化的发展趋势下弥补了其价值定位的空白；他对知识分子介入的系统论述亦为后世研究提供了知识分子的伦理选择等命题，这些贡献使得班达在知识分子理论谱系当中占据重要地位。后世学者一方面发扬班达对知识分子的价值定位，另一方面根据自身关注的命题和理论、政治立场偏向对班达的思想进行加工与阐释。
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外文摘要：
Taking the Dreyfus Affair, which took place at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, as an opportunity, Julian Banda turned to the public sphere and focused on the relationship between the intellectuals and the political reality. Benda believes that intellectuals must be isolated from the mundane world at the spiritual level and must defend justice at the realistic level, so that intellectuals could only exert influence through indirect means rather than through practical action. The birth of modern intellectuals not only stemmed from the collective behavior of this group in the Dreyfus Affair, but also from the theoretical discussion of the knowledge class on reinventing its functions in the context of the crisis of rationalism. And Benda was adamantly opposed to intellectuals’ political engagement to focus on practical spirit and pragmatic purposes, and had serious disagreements with some of his fellow Dreyfuscians. After World War I, Banda still insisted on rationality as the basic principle of intellectuals’ political engagement. Under the trend of pluralism of ideologies caused by skepticism, he explicitly abandoned the conceptual classification among traditional rationalism to avoid ambiguity, and criticized the political passions and extreme nationalism of modern intellectuals to defend universalism. Banda’s intellectual theory gradually become more conservative and dualistic, and even presented a complete rejection of political engagement. In the 1930s, with the development of Nazi power internationally and the impact of right-wing forces in France on The French Third Republic, Banda began to design intellectuals’ political engagement on the basis of “European Nations”, in order to response to the urgent realpolitik situation. Breaking the previous dichotomy between the a priori concept and the object of reality within the structure of his thought, Banda advocated the establishment of a specific moral order in society by intellectuals. In this period Banda gave legitimacy to the practical actions of intellectuals, but the logical flaws within his theory revealed his intellectual dilemma. After World War II, Banda attempted to reshape the status of the traditional conceptual system in French intellectual circles and to make clear that intellectuals were responsible for universal rationality.  Banda justified intellectuals’ political engagement and effectively counters the stigmatization of intellectuals by right-wing forces. His definition of modern intellectuals defines their tendencies of defending universal truths and fills the gap in their value orientation under the developmental trend of intellectual specialization and industrialization. His systematic discussion of intellectuals’ political engagement provides many theoretical propositions such as intellectuals’ moral choice for later studies, and these contributions have given Banda an important place in the genealogy of intellectual theory. Later scholars on the one hand carried forward Banda’s definition of intellectuals with regard to their values, and on the other, they have expounded and interpreted Banda’s ideas according to their own concerns and theoretical and political presuppositions.
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参考文献总数：

 53    

插图总数：

 0    

插表总数：

 0    

馆藏号：

 本060101/21050    

开放日期：

 2022-06-25    

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