以51名社区老年人为样本，分为干预组（26人）和控制组（25人），以加工速度（数字比较测验和图形匹配测验）、工作记忆（空间工作记忆和数字工作记忆测验）和推理能力（图形推理能力）作为考察干预效果的指标，检验了加工速度干预（简单图形匹配训练任务）的有效性以及干预在工作记忆和推理能力上的迁移效果。在干预结束4个月后，对参与了追踪研究的35名老年人进一步考查了认知干预的有效性和迁移效果的保持。本研究得到以下主要研究结果：1. 加工速度干预的有效性方面：干预组数字比较前后测成绩有显著差异，而控制组不存在显著差异；图形匹配测验中干预组前后测成绩差异显著，控制组无显著差异。即相比控制组，干预组的老年人在经过训练后加工速度任务的成绩显著提高，加工速度反应时有效缩短。干预组在数字比较和图形匹配两项测验上，加工速度干预的效应值分别为0.71和0.69，明显大于0.5的分界线，加工速度干预有效。2. 加工速度干预的迁移效果方面：以测量时间（前测、后测）为组内变量，以组别（干预、控制）为组间变量分别对空间工作记忆、数字工作记忆和图形推理三项测验成绩进行重复测量的方差分析，除图形推理测验发现测量时间主效应显著外，结果均未发现测量时间与组别主效应，也未发现二者的交互作用，表明加工速度干预未在这三项任务成绩上表现出迁移效果。3. 加工速度干预效果的保持方面：干预组中数字比较测验的前测与追踪成绩有显著差异，而控制组不存在显著差异；图形比较测验中干预组前测与追踪的成绩差异显著，控制组无显著差异，表明加工速度干预的效果至少可以维持4个月。4. 加工速度干预迁移效果的长期效应方面：以测量时间（前测、追踪）为组内变量，以组别（干预、控制）为组间变量分别对空间工作记忆、数字工作记忆和图形推理三项测验成绩进行重复测量的方差分析，结果均未发现测量时间与组别主效应，也未发现二者的交互作用，表明加工速度干预4个月后仍未在这三项任务成绩上表现出迁移效果。综上所述，本研究结论是：（1）加工速度的干预是有效的，并且至少可以维持4个月；（2）加工速度干预对工作记忆和推理能力没有迁移效果。

A controlled trial was designed to determine whether older people’s processing speed could be promoted by computer-programmed speed training under laboratory condition, and whether the training could affect older people’s other cognitive abilities, such as working memory and reasoning. There were 51 old adults from two communities of Beijing, with age ranging from 58 to 83, participated in the study. They were divided into two groups, namely the training group (n=26) and the control group (n=25). Processing speed(number comparison test and picture matching test),working memory(space working memory test and number working memory test) and reasoning ability(picture reasoning ability) were used as the cognitive indicators. The training group received 5 sessions (weeks) of training with each session lasting 50 minutes or so. Four months after post test, 35 participants were followed up and undertook the measures again. The main results showed that:Pre-to-posttest gains were found to be significant for the training group while no difference in treatment gains for the control group in both number comparison test and picture matching test. And the effect sizes were 0.71 and 0.69 respectively for the two speed tests. It indicated that the processing speed training is effective.The transfer effect of processing speed training was not found. MNOVA revealed neither significant main effects of training and group nor significant interaction effect on working memory and reasoning performances. In conclusion, the effect of speed training did not transfer to the skills of working memory and reasoning.In the follow-up study, training gains were found to be significant for the training groups while no difference for the control group was found in both number comparison test and picture matching test. It indicated that the benefit of processing speed training could be kept for at least 4 months.After 4 months, the transfer effect of processing speed training intervention was not found again. Neither significant main effects of training and group nor significant interaction effect on working memory and reasoning measurements were showed. In conclusion, after 4 months, the effect of training in processing speed did not transfer to the skills of working memory and reasoning.