《环境影响评价法》确立了规划环评制度的法律地位，而水资源作为重要的战略性资源，不仅关系到国民经济各部门及人民生活的方方面面，也是维系人类社会发展及自然生态系统平衡的必备条件之一。水资源的可持续利用是整个社会可持续发展的先决条件，特别是对于我国这样一个人口众多、水资源日益匮乏的国家，其过度开发利用已经成为制约我国经济社会可持续发展的重要因素。目前，水资源承载力在规划环评中虽有一些应用实践，但尚未形成一套系统而全面、可操作性强的技术程序及方法，总体上仍处于起步阶段，因此，为推进规划环评的开展及应用，完善其技术方法，促进水资源的可持续开发利用，开展水资源承载力在规划环评中的应用研究就显得尤为重要。本文在总结水资源承载力、规划环评中水资源承载力应用及研究现状的基础上，着重对规划环评中水资源承载力的定义、内涵开展了深入的剖析和探讨，应用系统动力学原理构建了规划环评中水资源承载力的理论模型。特别地，本论文第一次尝试将水资源评价与规划模型（WEAP）应用于规划环评的水资源分析程序上。WEAP模型可以用来模拟和分析各种水资源分配方案，文中讨论了不同气候条件，经济增长、灌溉效率改进和技术进步以及水质、供水等因素下的模拟方案。模型的易用性以及友好的用户界面使得规划环评中水资源承载力的分析变得相对便于操作。本文以处于干旱半干旱地区的内蒙古鄂尔多斯市的能源工业规划为例，验证其实用性及可行性，分析了研究区水资源承载力的动态特征和量。并通过对规划方案的水资源承载力分析计算，最终为决策者调整及优化规划方案提供强有力的科学依据，为当地水资源的合理开发利用、经济发展规模及产业结构调整提供合理建议。分析结果表明，WEAP为规划环评中的水资源承载力分析提供了一个简便而全面的操作框架，弥补了以往分析中需要建造复杂模型的不足，使得水资源承载力的客观分析在规划环评中变得现实可行。

Water resource security is an important component of economic, ecological and social security, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. It is obvious that problems are aggravated due to rapid population growth, unsustainable economic growth and massive urbanization. Rapid industrialization has caused serious conflicts between water supply and demand. Significant amount of water used for ecosystems or agriculture before has been transferred to satisfy the industrial water demand and lead to the deterioration of eco-environment. Planning Environmental Impact Assessment (PEIA) is proposed to make up for the deficiencies of EIA and be a key step towards achieving sustainable development. It is a systematic process for evaluating the environmental consequences of proposed plan to ensure they are fully included and appropriately addressed at the earliest appropriate stage of decision-making with economic and social considerations. The primary aim of carrying out it is to provide a high level of environmental protection and to integrate environmental considerations into the planning decision process. Water resource is an important strategic resource for the balance between society development and the ecosystem and has become a key restricting factor of industrialization process and economic development. Water resources carrying capacity (WRCC) analysis has become a common assessment tool to provide decision makers appropriate basis to make informed judgments regarding and enable the objectives and targets to be addressed. This paper analyzed systemically the definitions of WRCC and show how it can be applied to assessing the effects on water resources of a plan in coal industry by a case study: The Coal-Mining Industry Development Plan in ORDOS, a typical arid area in NW China. Here, changes in water resource usage were assessed against a set of criteria using quotient analysis. The study adopted WEAP model to assess and evaluate WRCC of the ORDOS basin. The model allows the simulation of various water allocation scenarios under diverse climatic situations, population growth, improved irrigation efficiency and technological impact, water quality, reservoir and catchments. The ease of use of the model and its user-friendly interfaces make it particularly useful on water resources management. It was found that the WRCC analysis provided a good basis for PEIA and supported a choice among different alternatives by adjusting and optimizing the original plan.