附条件不起诉制度属于少年司法的一部分，该制度的实施情况关系未成年人的权益保障程度。附条件不起诉监督考察制度作为附条件不起诉制度的核心部分，直接关系附条件不起诉的效果实现。结合各地实践情况来看，附条件不起诉监督考察制度仍存有许多不足。本文从监督考察主体、所附条件、考察期限、所附内容四方面总结、分析实践中未成年人附条件不起诉监督考察的现状，并就其完善提供意见。本文共分为四部分： 第一部分，介绍未成年人附条件不起诉监督考察制度的概念、功能及与相关制度的比较，分别是青少年缓刑监督考察和取保候审的监管。 第二部分，介绍附条件不起诉监督考察制度的理论基础，包括国家亲权理论、儿童利益最大化、处遇个别化理念。分别就各理论基础在监督考察制度中如何具体体现、如何影响监督考察制度的制定以及如何指导该实施进行阐述。 第三部分笔者结合实地调研情况，分别从监督考察主体、所附条件、考察期限、考察结果四要素角度介绍我国各地监督考察的实践现状，包括法律规定、原因、利弊分析等。 第四部分在前文分析的基础上，分别从监督考察主体、所附条件、考察期限、考察结果四个要素提出完善我国附条件不起诉监督考察制度的建议。

The implementation of the system of conditional non-prosecution, which is part of juvenile justice, affects the degree of protection of the rights and interests of minors. As the core part of the conditional non-prosecution system, the conditional non-prosecution supervision inspection system is directly related to the effect of conditional non-prosecution. According to the local practice, there are still many shortcomings in the supervision and inspection system. This paper summarizes and analyzes the status quo of supervision and investigation of minors with conditions and without prosecution in practice from four aspects of supervision and inspection subject, attached conditions, duration and attached contents, and provides opinions on its perfection. This article is divided into four parts: The first part introduces the concept, function and evolution of the supervision and inspection system for minors with conditions of non-prosecution, and compares it with the relevant systems, namely the probation supervision and the bail supervision and inspection system. The second part introduces the theoretical basis of the supervision and inspection system, including the theory of state parental authority, the maximization of children's interests, and the concept of individual treatment. In this part, the author expounds how the theoretical basis is reflected in the supervision inspection system, how it affects the formulation of the supervision inspection system, and how to guide the implementation. In the third part, the author introduces the present situation of supervision and investigation in various parts of China from four aspects: subject, attached condition, duration and result of supervision and inspection. Including legal provisions, reasons, pros and cons analysis. On the basis of the previous analysis, the fourth part puts forward the suggestions of improving the supervision inspection system with conditions without prosecution from the perspective of four elements.