随着社会对留守幼儿关注度的不断提升，为这一特殊群体提供有效的家庭支持方案变得尤为迫切。当前留守幼儿数量庞大，多数由祖辈抚养，这种家庭结构容易导致幼儿的情感需求得不到充分满足，且缺乏针对性的支持方案。构建并实施基于情感需求的留守幼儿家庭支持方案，对于改善他们的生活质量、促进其健康成长具有深远意义。亲子互动疗法（PCIT）作为一种以实证为基础的干预方法，已被证实能有效提升家长的亲子互动技能、改善亲子关系、提高亲子互动质量，且在多种文化背景及儿童群体中得到了实证研究的支持。因此，本研究在深入梳理和调查留守幼儿家庭情感需求的基础上，对亲子互动疗法进行本土化改编，将其应用于我国留守幼儿家庭情感需求支持方案的构建中，不仅能够为留守幼儿及其家庭带来实际帮助，也有助于推动相关领域的研究和实践发展。

本研究通过三个子研究的系统性设计，深入探讨了留守幼儿家庭的情感需求及其支持方案的构建与评估。研究一采用文献综述和问卷调查相结合的方法，对200位留守幼儿的祖辈和父辈进行了广泛的调查，并辅以9位祖辈和9位父辈的深度访谈，旨在全面揭示留守幼儿家庭成员的情感需求现状。研究结果为：（1）留守幼儿的情感需求满足程度整体低于中值2.5分即处于中等水平之下，并且对于留守幼儿情感需求结果做单样本T检验得出P值均＜0.001，表明留守幼儿存在亲子依恋、情感交流的情感需求；（2）祖辈与幼儿情感交流的情感需求满足程度整体低于中值3分，祖辈与父辈情感交流的情感需求满足程度整体低于中值2.5分，都处于中等水平之下，祖辈减轻育儿压力的情感需求高于中值3分即处于中等水平之上，并且对于祖辈情感需求结果做单样本T检验得出P值均＜0.001，表明祖辈存在与幼儿和父辈情感交流以及减轻育儿压力的情感需求；（3）父辈与幼儿情感交流的情感需求满足程度低于中值3分，父辈与祖辈情感交流的情感需求满足程度整体低于中值2.5分，父辈弥补家庭功能的情感需求低于2.5分，都处于中等水平之下，并且对于父辈情感需求结果做单样本T检验得出P值均＜0.001，表明父辈存在与幼儿和祖辈情感交流、弥补家庭功能的情感需求，为后续研究提供了实证基础。

研究二基于研究一的发现，对亲子互动疗法（PCIT）进行了本土化的改编，以适应留守幼儿家庭的特殊结构和情感需求。该研究在干预对象、形式和内容上进行了创新设计，对于留守幼儿，通过绘本阅读等方式，帮助他们更好地理解和表达情感；对于祖辈，在进行线下干预的同时，注重培养他们与幼儿的互动技巧和沟通能力；对于父辈，采用线上干预的方式，加强与幼儿的情感联系。并且考虑祖辈和父辈之间的情感交流情况，在祖辈和父辈的干预方案中增加了与人沟通的策略，以期提升方案的精准性和有效性。

研究三采用观察法、问卷法、实验法和访谈法等多种研究方法，对研究二构建的情感需求支持方案的适用性和有效性进行了综合评估。本研究以18组留守幼儿家庭为研究对象，对9组家庭实施为期8周的干预指导，另外9组不提供指导。最后通过问卷法、观察法、访谈法等研究方法检验支持方案的适用性及有效性，得出以下结果：（1）该方案的理念、模式与内容得到了祖辈和外出父辈的高度认可，祖辈与外出父母在此次干预中的体验感较佳。（2）干预组中，幼儿亲子依恋均分由2.39上升到3.00分，情感交流均分由1.99上升到2.77分，幼儿的与祖辈更加亲密，与祖辈的情感交流也变得频繁。（3）祖辈与幼儿情感交流均分由3.03分上升到4.11分，与父辈情感交流均分由1.96分上升到2.65分，祖辈育儿压力由3.56下降到2.61分，而祖辈与幼儿和父辈情感交流增多，育儿压力有所减轻。（4）父辈与幼儿情感交流由3.02分上升到4.28分，通过更加有效的互动，外出工作的父辈与留守幼儿之间的关系得到了显著改善。父辈与祖辈情感交流分数由2.19分上升到2.76分，弥补家庭功能分数由2.65分上升到3.00分，父辈与幼儿及祖辈间情感交流有所增加，家庭功能有所弥补。

基于上述研究结果，本研究提出了几点优化留守幼儿家庭支持方案的建议：首先，关注新兴问题，完善支持方案；其次，开展长期跟踪研究，以评估方案的长期效果和可持续性；最后，促进亲子互动疗法在我国留守幼儿家庭中的实践。

With the increasing attention of society to left-behind children, it has become particularly urgent to provide effective family support programs for this special group. At present, there are a large number of left-behind children, most of whom are raised by grandparents, and this family structure can easily lead to the lack of adequate emotional needs of young children and the lack of targeted support programs. It is of far-reaching significance to build and implement support programs for families of left-behind children based on emotional needs to improve their quality of life and promote their healthy growth. As an evidence-based intervention, PCIT has been proven to be effective in improving parents' parent-child interaction skills, improving parent-child relationships, and improving the quality of parent-child interaction. Therefore, on the basis of in-depth combing and investigation of the emotional needs of left-behind children's families, this study localized and adapted parent-child interaction therapy, and applied it to the construction of the emotional needs support program for left-behind children's families in China, which can not only bring practical help to left-behind children and their families, but also help promote the development of research and practice in related fields.

Through the systematic design of three sub-studies, this study deeply explored the emotional needs of families of left-behind children and the construction and evaluation of support programs. In the first study, a literature review and questionnaire survey were used to conduct an extensive survey of the grandparents and parents of 200 left-behind children, supplemented by in-depth interviews with 9 grandparents and 9 parents, aiming to comprehensively reveal the current situation of the emotional needs of family members of left-behind children. The results of the study were: (1) The overall satisfaction degree of left-behind children's emotional needs was lower than the median value of 2.5 points, that is, below the medium level, and the single-sample T-test showed that the P value of the left-behind children's emotional needs was < 0.001, indicating that the left-behind children had parent-child attachment, (2) The satisfaction degree of emotional needs of grandparents and children was lower than the median value of 3 points, the degree of satisfaction of emotional needs of grandparents and parents was lower than the median value of 2.5 points, all of which were below the medium level, and the emotional needs of grandparents to reduce parenting pressure were higher than the median value of 3 points, that is, above the middle level, and the single-sample T-test of grandchildren's emotional needs showed that the P value was < 0.001, indicating that grandparents had emotional needs for emotional communication with children and parents and reducing parenting pressure; (3) The degree of emotional needs satisfaction of parents and children for emotional communication was lower than the median value of 3 pointsThe satisfaction of the emotional needs of parents and grandparents was lower than the median value of 2.5 points, and the emotional needs of parents to make up for family function were lower than 2.5 points, both of which were below the medium level, and the single-sample T-test showed that the average P value was <0.001, indicating that parents had emotional needs for emotional communication with children and grandparents and making up for family function, which provided an empirical basis for follow-up research.

Based on the findings of Study 1, Study 2 localized Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) was adapted to suit the special structural and emotional needs of families with left-behind children. For left-behind children, they were able to better understand and express their emotions through picture book reading, for their grandparents, they focused on cultivating their interaction skills and communication skills with their children, and for their parents, they used online intervention to strengthen their emotional connection with children. In addition, considering the emotional communication between grandparents and parents, the communication strategy was added to the intervention plan of grandparents and parents to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of the program.

Study 3 used a variety of research methods such as observation, questionnaire, experiment and interview to comprehensively evaluate the applicability and effectiveness of the emotional needs support program constructed in Study 2. In this study, 18 groups of left-behind families were taken as the research subjects, and 9 groups were given 8-week intervention guidance, and the other 9 groups did not provide guidance. Finally, the applicability and effectiveness of the support program were tested by questionnaire method, observation method, interview method and other research methods, and the following results were obtained: (1) The concept, mode and content of the program were highly recognized by the grandparents and the parents who went out, and the grandparents and the parents had a better experience in this intervention. (2) In the intervention group, the average score of parent-child attachment increased from 2.39 to 3.00, and the average score of emotional communication increased from 1.99 to 2.77. (3) The average score of emotional communication between grandparents and children increased from 3.03 to 4.11 points, the average score of emotional communication with parents increased from 1.96 points to 2.65 points, and the parenting pressure of grandparents decreased from 3.56 to 2.61 points, while the emotional communication between grandparents and children and parents increased, and the parenting pressure was reduced. (4) The emotional communication between parents and children increased from 3.02 to 4.28, and the relationship between parents and left-behind children was significantly improved through more effective interaction. The score of emotional communication between parents and grandparents increased from 2.19 to 2.76, and the score of family function increased from 2.65 to 3.00.

Based on the above research results, this study puts forward several suggestions for optimizing the support program for left-behind children's families: first, pay attention to emerging problems and improve the support program, secondly, carry out long-term follow-up studies to evaluate the long-term effect and sustainability of the program, and finally, promote the practice of parent-child interaction therapy in the families of left-behind children in China.