本文选取朝鲜时代用以学习汉语口语的“汉语三书”——《老乞大》《朴通事》与《伍伦全备记》作为研究的语料来源。穷尽考察三部书中使用的指示词，比较三部书的指示词系统，梳理15世纪晚期汉语口语中指示词的使用情况，并通过指示词使用的差异说明三书在语言内部存在的不同。本文的主要内容如下：

1.对语料中出现的指示词进行全面描写。本文对《老乞大》《朴通事》以及《伍伦全备记》（宾白部分）中出现的指示词进行穷尽性考察，统计三部书中指示词出现的频率，分词项从“语义-句法-语用”三个平面详细描写了三部书中的指示词，并在每章的总结部分通过表格统计三个平面的相应数据，为下一步的总结打下基础。

2.总结“汉语三书”反映的指示词共性特征。基于语料描写的结果，本文先归纳语料中出现的本体语义，通过语义地图呈现语料中指示词本体语义的关系，并进一步认为选取本体语义作为指示词的分类参数有助于更好地把握指示词的特征。句法分布方面，指量结构在指示词“这”的句法结构搭配中用例较多，而指名结构则是“那”的主要结构。“这/那”系双音节指示词的本体语义与句法位置之间关系密切。指示词的语用功能存在“这”系指示词内部的不对称与“这/那”系指示词整体的不对称两个不对称现象。指示词来源的语料不同是造成“这”系指示词内部功能不对称的原因，而“这/那”系指示词整体的功能不对称则与语言的心理可及度有关。

3.分析“汉语三书”中指示词的特殊用法。本文分析了语料呈现的指示词分布不同、“这/那”与“这/那的”的句法功能有别以及“DEM_性状+助词”结构的使用差异，认为社会方言的差异、地理方言的差别以及语言接触是造成语料中呈现以上三点差异的主要原因。这些原因背后则关乎编写者的身份与最初的写作目的。尽管“汉语三书”均作为汉语教科书在朝鲜半岛发挥了重要的作用，但三书在语言层面并非完全均质。《老乞大》《朴通事》的语言面貌比较接近，与《伍伦全备记》的差异较大。在这一部分的考察中，本文还使用了中世纪朝鲜语对译材料分析某些微观的语法现象。

附录部分涉及与本研究相关的背景内容，解决了一些前期准备工作中发现的问题。附录1介绍了“汉语三书”的基本情况，特别说明了目前学界研究较少的《伍伦全备记》的相关背景。附录2介绍了文献调查中新发现的东京大学小仓文库本《伍伦全备记》与《伍伦全备谚解》，并尝试考察了《伍伦全备记》在朝鲜半岛的改编与使用情况。

This thesis researches the demonstratives in Three Kinds of Chinese Textbooks(汉语三书), i.e., Lao Qi Da(Old Khitan People, 老乞大), Piao Tong Shi(Translator Park, 朴通事), and Wu Lun Quan Bei Ji(A drama about ethical education, 伍伦全备记), which were used as textbooks of spoken Chinese during the Joseon Dynasty. It compares the demonstrative systems of the three books, then sorts out the usage of demonstratives in oral Chinese of the late 15th-century which the three books represent for, and finally explains some important linguistic differences of demonstratives among them. The main parts of this thesis are:

1. A comprehensive description of demonstratives found in the materials. This thesis exhaustively examines the demonstratives found in Lao Qi Da(老乞大), Piao Tong Shi(朴通事), and the dialogue sections of Wu Lun Quan Bei Ji(伍伦全备记), and counts the frequency of occurrence of demonstratives in these three books. The thesis describes the demonstratives in detail from three angles: semantics, syntax, and pragmatics, and summarizes the respective data of the three perspectives in each chapter through tables, laying the foundation for the following analysis.

2. A summary of the general characteristics of demonstratives in Three Kinds of Chinese Textbooks(汉语三书). Based on the results of the description, the thesis first summarizes the ontological meaning of the demonstratives in the corpus and presents the relationship between the ontological meaning of the demonstratives in the three books through semantic map model. Furthermore, the thesis believes that selecting ontological meaning as a parameter for classification helps to better grasp the characteristics of demonstratives. In terms of syntactic distribution, the demonstrative quantifier structure is more frequently used in the syntactic distribution of the demonstrative Zhe(这,this), while the demonstrative nominal structure is the main structure of the demonstrative Na(那,that). Additionally, the relationship between the ontological meaning and syntactic position of the bisyllabic demonstratives derived from Zhe(这)&Na(那) is closely related. There are two asymmetrical phenomena in the pragmatic function of demonstratives: the asymmetry within the Zhe(这) series of demonstratives and the overall asymmetry of the Zhe(这)&Na(那) series of demonstratives. The reason for the asymmetry in the pragmatic function within the Zhe(这) series of demonstratives is due to the different sources of the demonstratives, while the overall asymmetry of the Zhe(这)&Na(那) series of demonstratives is related to the psychological availability of language.

3. An analysis of special usages of demonstratives in Three Kinds of Chinese Textbooks(汉语三书). This thesis analyzes three differences, namely (1)the distribution of demonstratives presented in the materials, (2)the syntactic differences between Zhe(这)/Na(那) and Zhe De(这的)/Na De(那的), (3)the use of the DEM_{characteristic}+auxiliary structure. The thesis argues that social dialect differences, geographical dialect differences, and language contact are the main reasons for the three differences mentioned above. The linguistic heterogeneity of the three books is derived from the difference of the compliers' identities and the initial purposes of compiling these books. Although the Three Kinds of Chinese Textbooks(汉语三书) all played important roles as Chinese textbooks in the Korean Peninsula, the three books are not linguistically homogeneous. Lao Qi Da(老乞大) and Piao Tong Shi(朴通事) are closer, but are both significantly different from Wu Lun Quan Bei Ji(伍伦全备记). In this section of the research, we also used translated materials in medieval Korean to help make a more comprehensive analysis of the phenomena.

The appendix provides the background related to this study and addresses some problems found in pilot studies. Appendix Ⅰ introduces some background information of the Three Kinds of Chinese Textbooks(汉语三书)with specific attention paid to Wu Lun Quan Bei Ji(伍伦全备记), which is less studied by the academia. Appendix Ⅱ introduces the Ogura Bunko version of Wu Lun Quan Bei Ji(伍伦全备记)and Wu Lun Quan Bei Yan Jie(The Korean Translation of Wu Lun Quan Bei Ji, 伍伦全备谚解), which were discovered in the Ogura Bunko of the University of Tokyo during the literature survey. During the collation, we found that the Korean version of Wu Lun Quan Bei Ji(伍伦全备记) shared some non-Chinese characteristics with other Chinese textbooks like Lao Qi Da(老乞大), Piao Tong Shi(朴通事)and Xun Shi Ping Hua(Didactic Stories Collection, 训世评话), etc., which can prove that after it was introduced to the Korean Peninsula, Wu Lun Quan Bei Ji(伍伦全备记) was then revised by the official agency, and finally became a Chinese textbook. This finding fills the blank of historical record.