本文对鲁迅小说中的“挫败者”形象进行考察，通过呈现现代知识分子、“疯子”、小人物、古代英雄和精神导师四类“挫败者”的具体挫败体验，表明“挫败者”形象分享了鲁迅个人现实挫败体验，熔铸了鲁迅对启蒙者和启蒙对象的反思和怀疑，昭显出中国现代启蒙道路的艰难。同时透过“挫败者”形象，也可看出鲁迅独特的悲剧审美观及其对“韧战”精神的呼唤。由此鲁迅为中国现代文学奉献了一批既具广泛时代意义又具深刻审美韵味的典型形象。

This paper investigated the image of “person in frustrations” in Lu Xun’s fiction. Through presenting the specific defeat experience of modern intellectuals, the “crazy”, the little, ancient heroes and spiritual mentor of “person in frustrations”, showing that these images share Lu Xun’s defeat experience and contain his reflection and skepticism of the Enlightenment and the object, indicating the difficulties of modern enlightenment. Meanwhile we can also see Lu Xun’s tragedy aesthetic and the call of the spirit of “tough battle”. Thus, Lu Xun has provided a number of typical images with broad meaning of the times and profound aesthetic charm for modern Chinese literature.