基层社区问题复杂，是亟待改革和发展的前沿。随着2016年北京市《关于加强城乡社区协商的实施意见》的出台，时至今日，探索“参与型”社区协商模式已有两年。截至2017年年底，北京市城市社区议事厅实现了全覆盖，参与式协商如火如荼展开为本研究提供了契机。就现阶段社区参与式协商的研究而言，它不仅是基层民主治理的问题，更表现为一种如何现实操作的技术难题。 本文针对参与式协商实操难题，围绕以下问题进行了系统研究；即，在社区参与式协商过程中，如何有效参与？如何议事协商？参与式协商在现实中面临哪些问题？针对以上问题分析当下社区参与式协商最易实现的路径是什么？ 本研究通过典型案例动态展现其协商议事路径，抓住现实操作环节关键所在，透过社区参与式协商案例分析，回应以上研究问题。研究表明，一方面，参与式协商是解决社区复杂问题的一个平台，已经取得了一些成效。参与式协商实操经验主要来自于制度设计、“微治理”以及平台与机制的设立等方面；在参与环节，媒介式动员、积分制“帮帮银行”和公益认领有立竿见影之效，可在社区广泛运用。另一方面，社区参与式协商在推行过程中也存在一些问题，表现在社区参与不足、功利主义动机，技术制约、能力短板、制度困境等方面。 结合社区现状和参与式协商发展情况，针对参与式协商存在的问题，本文引进了“U+B”理论思想。“U+B”结构，是指通过顶部成分（Upper）与底部成份（Basic）合作，来形成一种合二为一的治理结构，其中U以顶层或者外来者的身份来帮助B，最终U与B有机地结合在一起，形成一个整体性的治理单元。顶层U部分其实就是政府或社区两委，而底层B部分则是社会组分（社区公众和社区自组织），它们的结合形成一种中国现阶段特有的治理模式。U的角色与职责：U，通常由社区党委和居委会充当。U的作用包括以下方面：动员公众参与协商平台；协商平台上，引导公众理性议事；将无法在社区层面上解决的问题向上反映；Ｕ也可以是议事协商的主体之一。B的角色与职责：B主要是指社区公众和社区自组织。B的角色通常包含以下方面：最初以被动员、被扶持者的身份出现；B自身的需求被激活，因而已经成为主动的发展追求者（或者说事实上的责任主体）；B与社区两委一起，合作解决问题。 最后，理论和实践双双证明了“U+B”模式是参与式协商最易实现的方式，是提高居民自治能力、推进社区治理、实现基层民主的有效途径，已经成为当下社区议事的普遍模式。但Ｂ的发展之路仍旧是漫长的，且需要Ｕ持久不变的支持，这是Ｕ+Ｂ结构需要深化和存在现实原因。

The problem of grassroots community is complicated, which is the frontier of urgent reform and development. With the introduction of the implementation opinion on strengthening the consultation between urban and rural communities in Beijing in 2016, the "Participatory" community consultation model has been explored for two years. By the end of 2017, the Beijing city community realizing a complete coverage of the meeting-house, participatory consultation is in good development. However, In terms of related research, participatory negotiation is a practical technical problem. Aiming at the practical problem, this paper systematically studies the following questions: how to participate effectively in participatory negotiation? How to negotiate? What are the problems faced by participatory negotiation in reality? What is the easiest way to realize the current participatory negotiation? This study dynamically shows its negotiation path through typical cases, grasped the key of the practical operation link. and responds to the above research issues through the case analysis of community participatory consultation. Research shows that participatory negotiation is a platform for solving complex problems in communities, and some results have been achieved. The practical experience of participatory negotiation is mainly from the aspects of system design, micro governance and the establishment of platform and mechanism. In the process of participation, media mobilization, integral system " Help bank" and public benefit claim are regarded as effective methods and can be used in the community. At the same time, there are some problems in the community participation consultation, which are manifested in the lack of community participation, utilitarianism, technical constraints, ability shortboards, system dilemma and so on. Based on the status quo of community and the development of participatory negotiation, in view of the problems existing in participatory negotiation,　this paper introduces the theory of "“U+B”". About "U + B" structure "refers to the top component (Upper) and composition (Basic) at the bottom of the cooperation to form a kind of structure collapse together, in which U helps B with the identity of the top layer or the outsider, and eventually the U and B are organically combined to form a holistic governance unit. The top U part is actually the two committees of the government or the community, while the underlying B part is the social component (community public and community self-organization), and their combination forms a unique governance model in China at the present stage. About the role and duty of U: U is usually served by community committees and neighborhood committees. The role of U includes the following aspects: mobilizing the public to participate in the consultative platform; the consultation platform, guiding public rational deliberation; reflecting the problems that can’t be solved at the community level; and U can be one of the subjects of the negotiation. B's role and responsibilities: B, mainly refers to the community public and community self-organization. The role of B usually includes the following aspects: initially being mobilized and supported, B's own needs are activated, and thus have become active development pursuers (or in fact the subject of responsibility); working together with the community to solve the problem. 　　Finally, both theory and practice prove that “U+B” model is the easiest way to achieve participatory negotiation. It is also an effective way to improve the ability of residents to promote community governance and to realize grass-roots democracy. It has become a common mode of community discussion at present. But the development of B is still long and needs U's sustained support. It is the reason why U + B structure needs to be deepened and existing.