中国数学文化作为中华优秀传统文化之一，在党的十八大以来备受重视。习近平总书记强调文化自信的重要性，党的二十大更是提出推进文化自信自强，铸就社会主义文化新辉煌的重要任务。近年来，高中数学课程标准和中国高考数学考纲明确强调数学文化的重要性，要求学生认识数学的科学与人文价值，并体会其美学意义。这反映了教育部门对数学文化在高中教育中的不断强调和融入，以培养学生的审慎思维和数学观念。在此背景下，本文的研究问题是：2021-2023 年高考试题在数学文化内容题材、题型分布等方面有何特征？

本文以数学文化视角出发，以 2021 年至 2023 年的文理科全国甲、乙卷以及新高考Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷的 18 套高考试题为研究对象，对其进行了文化背景分类、试题案例分析和统计研究。

首先通过对《课程标准》、《考试大纲》等文本的分析，确立了研究高考试题中数学文化的必要性，并进行了文献综述以界定数学文化的概念。其次，运用文献研究、案例分析、对比分析、统计分析等研究方法对试卷中各类题目的分析和比较，揭示了其中的知识结构、题型特点等方面的变化和趋势，得出以下结论：

1. 在高考中，数学文化试题受到了重视，其分值占比大致稳定在 13%至 14%之间。尤其是数学与生活类试题，在整体试题中所占比重最大。

2. 数学文化试题主要出现在选择题和解答题中，其中以概率与统计题型为主要考查对象。

3. 在数学文化试题的运用方式上，大多数题目呈现出内在型的特征，其中不可分离型占比高达 38.2%。

在此基础上，结合新时代需求、课程标准对人才培养的要求以及高考的导向性，本文提出了试题命制、教学等方面的合理建议，旨在促进高考数学试题的质量提升和教学效果的改进。

As one of the excellent traditional Chinese cultures, Chinese mathematical culture has been highly valued since the 18th National Congress of the CPC. General Secretary Xi Jinping has stressed the importance of cultural confidence, and the Party's 20th Congress has proposed an important task of promoting cultural confidence and self-improvement and creating new glory in socialist culture. In recent years, the high school mathematics curriculum standards and the mathematics examination outline of the Chinese college Entrance examination clearly emphasize the importance of mathematical culture, requiring students to understand the scientific and humanistic value of mathematics, and understand its aesthetic significance. This reflects the continuous emphasis and integration of mathematics culture in high school education, so as to cultivate students' prudent thinking and mathematical concepts.

From the perspective of mathematical culture, this paper studies the national papers A, B of science and 18 sets of the new college Entrance Examination from 2021 to 2023, and conducts the cultural background classification, case analysis and statistical research. Firstly, through the analysis of the curriculum Standards, the Examination Outline and other texts, the necessity of studying the mathematical culture in the examination questions is established, and the literature review is conducted to define the concept of mathematical culture.

Secondly, the use of literature research, case analysis, comparative analysis, statistical analysis and other research methods to analyze and compare the various questions in the examination paper, revealed the knowledge structure, the characteristics of the questions and other changes and trends, and draw the following conclusions:

1. In the college entrance examination, the mathematics and culture test questions have received more attention, and their score ratio is roughly stable between 13% and 14%. Especially mathematics and life test questions, in the largest proportion of the overall test questions.

2. The mathematical culture questions mainly appear in the multiple choice and answer questions, among which the probability and statistical questions are the main test objects.

3. In the way of the use of mathematical culture questions, most of the questions show the characteristics of intrinsic type, among which the inseparable type accounts for 38.2%.

4.On this basis, combined with the needs of the new era, the requirements of curriculum standards for talent training and the orientation of the college entrance examination, this paper puts forward reasonable suggestions on the order of test questions and teaching, aiming at promoting the quality of the college entrance examination and the improvement of teaching effect.