初中生的体质和学业压力问题一直备受社会关注。教育部在2017年发布了《关于做好中小学生课后服务工作的指导意见》，明确提出需要推行相关体育项目。2021年7月，中共中央办公厅发布了《关于进一步减轻义务教育阶段学生作业负担和校外培训负担的意见》，实行“双减”政策，为课后体育服务的开展提供了前所未有的良好环境。课后体育服务是课后服务的重要组成部分，对增强学生体质、拓宽课余生活、培养运动技能和兴趣具有重要作用。然而，尽管课后体育服务已经实施了一段时间，但学校在开展过程中仍然存在着诸多问题需要解决。初中生正处于掌握运动技能、养成体育习惯的关键时期，并且面临着体育中考和学业压力的双重挑战。因此，初中课后体育服务的现状值得引起关注。

本研究主要采用了问卷调查和访谈等方法，探究珠海市初中课后体育服务的开展情况，旨在了解家长、学生和教师在课后体育服务中所遇到的问题，并提出优化策略，为初中课后体育服务的开展提供经验指导。根据问卷调查发现以下问题：相关部门监督尚不充分，约束力度不大；师资力量不足，服务意识薄弱；运动项目和组织形式单一；场地设施和服务经费不足；宣传形式和内容不全面；安全管理体制和评价体系不完善。有鉴于此，提出相应优化策略：（1）相关部门完善政策法规，加强监管力度。（2）优化教师队伍，拓宽师资来源渠道。（3）合理利用和规划校内场地资源。（4）关注学生需求，优化服务项目。（5）创新宣传教育，激发家校协作活力。（6）加强安全监管，完善评价体系。

结合结果和实践分析得出以下结论：课程资源不足依然是制约课后体育服务多样化开展的重要因素，其原因主要是由于学校资源有限、缺乏专业教师和教练，以及缺乏监督和评价三方面所导致；“双减”背景下，初中生学业压力大仍然是影响其参加课后体育服务的主要原因，需要家长和学校的共同努力，为学生提供更多的机会和资源，帮助其平衡学业和体育锻炼之间的关系；家校协同有利于促进课后体育服务的良性开展，其中宣传是维系家校关系、推动课后体育服务健康发展的重要方式，亟需创新宣传手段，加深两者之间的交流联系，使课后体育服务能够发挥其应有的价值，促进学生素质全面发展。

The physical fitness and academic pressure of middle school students have always been a focus of social concern. In 2017, the Ministry of Education issued guidelines for after-school services for primary and secondary school students, emphasizing the need to promote relevant sports programs. In July 2021, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued opinions on further reducing the homework and extracurricular training burden of compulsory education students, implementing a "double reduction" policy, which provided an unprecedentedly good environment for the development of after-school sports services. After-school sports services are an important part of after-school services, which play an important role in enhancing students' physical fitness, expanding their extracurricular activities, cultivating sports skills and interests. However, although after-school sports services have been implemented for some time, there are still many problems that need to be solved in the process of school implementation. Middle school students are in a critical period of mastering sports skills and developing sports habits, and face the dual challenges of sports exams and academic pressure. Therefore, the current situation of after-school sports services for middle school students deserves attention

This study mainly adopted methods such as questionnaire surveys and interviews to explore the development of after-school physical education services in Zhuhai junior high schools. The aim was to understand the problems encountered by parents, students, and teachers in after-school physical education services, and to propose optimization strategies to provide guidance and experience for the development of after-school physical education services in junior high schools. Based on the questionnaire survey, the following problems were discovered: ineffective supervision by relevant departments, inadequate teaching staff and weak service awareness, single sports projects and organizational forms, insufficient venue facilities and service funding, incomplete propaganda forms and content, and inadequate safety management systems and evaluation systems. Therefore, relevant optimization strategies were proposed: (1) Relevant departments should improve policies and regulations and strengthen supervision; (2) Optimize the teacher team and broaden the channels for teacher sources; (3) Make reasonable use of and plan on-campus venue resources; (4) Pay attention to student needs and optimize service projects; (5) Innovate propaganda and education, and stimulate the vitality of home-school cooperation. (6) Strengthen safety supervision and improve the evaluation system.

Based on the results and practical analysis, it can be concluded that the insufficient availability of course resources remains a significant factor that restricts the diversification of after-school physical education services. This is mainly due to limited school resources, a lack of professional teachers and coaches, and a lack of supervision and evaluation; Under the background of "double reduction," the high academic pressure on middle school students is still the main reason that affects their participation in after-school physical education services. It requires joint efforts from parents and schools to provide students with more opportunities and resources to help them balance their academic and physical exercise needs; Collaborative efforts between parents and schools are conducive to promoting the healthy development of after-school physical education services. Promotion is an important way to maintain the relationship between parents and schools, and to push for the healthy development of after-school physical education services. It is necessary to innovate promotional methods, deepen communication between parents and schools, and enable after-school physical education services to realize their full value and promote the comprehensive development of students.