在“碳达峰、碳中和”目标引领下，加快规模化储能技术探索已然成为我国构建高效能源电力体系的必然要求，规模化应用潜力较强的含水层压缩空气储能在“双碳”目标实现进程中具有战略意义。含水层中的压缩空气储能需将气体注入原本封闭的深部咸水含水层，由此引发的地球化学过程可能对储层孔渗性质产生影响，因此开展针对性实验研究以探究水-岩-气三相体系下储层介质孔渗性质变化及其对储层能量效率的影响，具有重要现实价值。研究借助反应釜封闭实验实现高温高压条件下的水-岩-气三相反应接触，分析介质岩样孔隙度、渗透率变化，并结合数值模拟手段将实验结果应用于场地尺度，模拟预测实际运行条件下的储层孔渗性质变化及能量效率。研究主要结论如下：

（1）矿物溶解、沉淀过程是控制岩样孔渗性质变化的主导原因。压缩空气溶解进入水-岩反应体系时将首先使微咸水溶液朝酸性方向变化，导致实验前期铝硅酸盐矿物不稳定性增加而发生溶解，进而造成岩样孔隙度增大。实验中后期水溶液pH回升，方解石等矿物发生广泛沉淀，岩样渗透率由于小颗粒沉淀物的堵塞效应而降低。在埋深1200 m的典型储层条件下，实验岩样孔隙度增大0.038，渗透率减小13.257 mD。

（2）实验所探究关键变量中，岩样孔渗性质对深度、循环周期类型响应有较强规律性。岩样孔隙度增长、渗透率降低幅度整体上与温度压力呈正相关关系，在不同深度下孔隙度增大、渗透率降低范围为0.0052 ~ 0.0382、3.454 ~ 14.625 mD。实验时间越长，矿物溶解、沉淀强度越大，相应地孔隙度增长、渗透率降低幅度越大，孔隙度增大值、渗透率降低值在不同循环周期类型下分别为0.0368 ~ 0.0396、12.644 ~ 15.528 mD。

（3）不同储层岩性下的孔渗性质变化因矿物反应类型而存在差异。石英砂岩实验中矿物溶解、沉淀强度均较长石砂岩弱，以高岭石溶解为主要矿物溶解过程，实验后石英砂岩渗透率降低0.0857 mD、孔隙度增大0.019。在碳酸盐岩实验中，实验前期微咸水溶液pH降低将导致方解石矿物呈阶梯状溶蚀，造成孔隙度增大约0.035，实验过程中出现的方解石、白云石等碳酸盐矿物沉淀则将导致岩样渗透率降低约0.064 mD。

（4）储层孔渗性质变化主要出现于初始气囊形成阶段，导致能量回收效率小幅度提升。初始气囊形成阶段不同深度储层中气体储集区域平均孔隙度增大1.30 % ~ 1.71 %，平均渗透率降低2.06 % ~ 8.18 %，储层能量回收效率范围为22.11 % ~ 31.26 %。多次注-采循环过程仅使孔隙度、渗透率产生微弱变化，日、周、月循环模式下能量回收效率范围为17.98 % ~ 32.36 %。孔渗性质变化将导致能量注入、回收速率均下降，能量注入速率降低程度更大，因而计算出储层能量回收效率反而出现小幅度提升。

研究在证实了匹兹菲尔德场地试验时期相关初步结论基础上，为含水层压缩空气储能的储层孔渗物性研究提供了创新性认识，更为系统性推进技术规模化应用提供了储层安全的科学依据。

Under the guidance of the “Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Goals”, accelerating the exploration of large-scale energy storage technology has become an inevitable requirement for building an efficient energy system in China, Compressed Air Energy Storage in Aquifer (CAESA) with large-scale application potential has its strategic significance in achieving the “Dual Carbon Goals”. Energy storage in aquifer needs to inject gas into the originally sealed deep saline aquifers, and the resulting geochemical processes may affect the poro-permeability properties of the reservoir. Therefore, carrying out targeted experimental research to explore the variation of poro-permeability properties in a water-rock-gas three-phase system and its influence on reservoir energy efficiency has important practical value. In the study, the water-rock-gas three-phase reaction contact under high temperature and pressure conditions was realized by conducting reactor closure experiment, and the variation in porosity and permeability of the rock samples was analyzed. Numerical simulation was employed to apply the experimental results to field scale and predict variation in porosity, permeability and energy efficiency in actual operating conditions. The main conclusions of the study are as follows.

(1) Mineral dissolution and precipitation are the controlling reason for the changes in porosity and permeability of the rock samples. When compressed air dissolves into the water-rock reaction system, brackish water solution firstly shift towards the acidic direction, leading to the increase in the instability of aluminosilicate minerals and their dissolution in the early period of the experiment, which in turn causes an increase in the porosity of the rock samples. In the later period, the pH of water solution recovers and minerals such as calcite precipitate extensively, causing the permeability of the rock samples to decrease due to the blocking effect of small particle precipitates. In typical reservoir condition at the depth of 1200 m, the porosity increases by 0.038 and the permeability decreases by 13.257 mD.

(2) Among the key variables investigated in the experiment, the poro-permeability properties of the rock samples exhibit strong regularity in response to depth and cyclic period types. The increase in porosity and the decrease in permeability are positively correlated with temperature and pressure, with the range of porosity increase and permeability decrease is 0.0052 to 0.0382 and 3.454 to 14.625 mD, respectively. As the experimental duration time increases, mineral dissolution and precipitation intensity become stronger, resulting in greater increase in porosity and decrease in permeability. The porosity increase and permeability decrease values for different cyclic period types are 0.0368 to 0.0396 and 12.644 to 15.528 mD, respectively.

(3) The changes of pore-permeability properties in distinct reservoir lithologies are different depending on the type of reactive minerals. In the quartz sandstone experiment, both mineral dissolution and precipitation are weaker than those in the feldspar sandstone experiment, with the dissolution of kaolinite as the main mineral dissolution process, the permeability of quartz sandstone decreases by 0.0857 mD and the porosity increases by 0.019 after the experiment. In the carbonate rock experiment, the pH of brackish water solution decreases in the early experimental period, causing the step-like dissolution of calcite minerals, resulting in an increase in porosity of 0.035. The precipitation of carbonate minerals such as calcite and dolomite during the experiment will result in a decrease in permeability of 0.064 mD.

(4) The variation in poro-permeability properties of reservoir mainly occur during the initial gas bubble formation stage, resulting in a slight increase in energy recovery efficiency. During the initial gas bubble formation stage, the average porosity of storage area at different depth increases by 1.30 % to 1.71 %, and the average permeability decreases by 2.06 % to 8.18 %. The energy recovery efficiency of reservoir ranges from 22.11 % to 31.26 %. Multiple injection-production cycles only cause slight changes in porosity and permeability, and the energy recovery efficiency ranges from 17.98 % to 32.36 % under daily, weekly, and monthly cycles. The variation in poro-permeability properties will result in a decrease in both energy injection and recovery rates, with a greater decrease in energy injection rate, resulting in a slight increase in the calculated energy recovery efficiency of reservoir.

The study provides innovative insights into the pore-permeability properties of the CAESA reservoir building upon the preliminary conclusions established during the Pittsfield test period, and provides a scientific basis of reservoir safety for promoting the systematic development of the large-scale application of CAESA.