顺应社会公众日益增长的科普需求，以科普为主的泛知识类视频正在迅速增加。科普视频作为新型媒介、传播技术、信息时代的产物，承载着信息传递、社会教育、科普互动等功能，正在生活、学习、科研、医疗管理等各大领域展现出惊人的影响力。疫情期间各大短视频平台涌现出海量健康科普类短视频，其中B站最为典型，在有关新冠肺炎疫情的泛知识类型视频内容传播过程中发挥了突出作用，涌现较多质量较高、传播效果较好的健康科普类视频。

本文采用模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）法，研究新冠肺炎疫情期间影响B站健康科普类短视频传播效果的关键因素以及这些因素发挥作用的组合路径。研究首先基于理论回顾、文献归纳和现象总结，梳理出健康科普类短视频传播效果影响因素的分析框架，在此基础上确定条件变量和结果变量。其中，条件变量的设置从视频内容属性、信息环境、信源特征、运营策略四个维度出发，研究选定视频内容层面主题类型、视频时长、叙事倾向、呈现形式、语言风格这5个条件变量，视频非内容层面疫情阶段、账号主体类型、账号认证情况、互动引导、技术包装与人设、场景融入这6个条件变量共计11个条件变量；结果变量设置在参考清博数据量化短视频传播效果方式的基础上，构造出符合本研究中B站短视频传播效果的评价指标（NBVCI）作为结果变量。随后，研究对B站40个典型的健康科普类短视频传播成效优秀的原因进行了数据分析、组态比较及案例阐释。

研究发现：（1）视频内容层面和视频非内容层面都不存在任何单一条件变量构成实现好的传播效果的必要条件，新冠疫情健康科普类短视频的传播与流行是多维度变量共同作用的结果。（2）关于实现良好传播效果的健康科普类短视频的组态路径，在视频内容层面，存在“直观-幽默-高垂直度-理中客式”硬核科普型内容、“直观-幽默-中低垂直度-情理交融式”微科普型内容共计两条两类组态路径；呈现方式与表达风格是影响视频传播的重要因素，无论是硬核科普还是非硬核类微科普视频，直观呈现、清晰讲解、风格诙谐幽默都是实现高传播热度的关键因素。（3）在视频非内容层面，存在专业认证创作者于疫情早期发布的强互动型视频、独具亚文化风格的高场景融入型视频共计四条两类组态路径。技术包装与人设是四条路径的共同核心条件，视频内容的技术包装与人设建设在视频传播中发挥重要作用，并影响传受关系的建立与维系。最后，本文对结论展开讨论，根据分析结果深入阐释因素发挥作用的原因，并提出提升健康科普类短视频传播效果的启示。

In line with the growing demand of the public for popular science, the number of popular science videos is increasing rapidly. As a product of new media, communication technology and the information age, popular science video carries the functions of information transmission, social education, popular science interaction and so on. It is showing amazing influence in various fields such as life, study, scientific research and medical management. During the epidemic, a large number of short health science videos emerged on video platforms, and the dissemination effect of such short videos was uneven.

In this paper, the writer use fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method to study the key factors that may affect the transmission effect of health science popularization short videos at station B during the COVID-19 and the combined path of these factors. Firstly, based on theoretical review, literature summary and phenomenon summary, the research sorted out the analysis framework of factors influencing the communication effect of short health science videos, and determined the condition variables and outcome variables on this basis. Among them, the setting of conditional variables starts from the four dimensions of video content attribute, information environment, information source characteristics and operation strategy, and studies and selects five conditional variables, namely theme type, video duration, narrative tendency, presentation form and language style, at the level of video content. At the non-content level, there are 11 condition variables in total, including the epidemic stage, account subject type, account authentication, interactive guidance, technical packaging and human setup, and scene integration. The result variable is set on the basis of referring to the way of quantifying short video communication effect of clear blog data, and the evaluation index (NBVCI) conforming to the short video communication effect of Station B in this study is constructed as the result variable. Subsequently, the study conducted data analysis and configuration comparison on the reasons for the excellent communication results of 40 typical short health science videos in Bilibili.

The findings are as follows: (1) There is no single conditional variable in both the content level and non-content level of video that constitutes the necessary condition for achieving good communication effect, and the transmission and prevalence of short health science videos of COVID-19 are the result of the joint action of multi-dimensional variables. (2) As for the configuration path of short health science videos to achieve good communication effects, in terms of video content,there are two types of configuration paths: "intuition-humorous-high-vertical-reasoning-Zhong-customer-style" core science content and "intuition-humorous-medium-low vertical-rational blend" micro-science content. Presentation mode and expression style are important factors affecting video communication. Whether it is hardcore popular science or non-hardcore micro popular science video, intuitive presentation, clear explanation and humorous style are all key factors to achieve high popularity of communication. (3) In terms of non-content, there are four types of configuration paths, including strong interactive videos released by professional certified creators in the early stage of the epidemic and high scene integration videos with unique subculture styles. Technical packaging and installation are the common core conditions of the four paths. Technical packaging and installation construction of video content play an important role in video communication, and affect the establishment and maintenance of the transmission and reception relationship. Finally, based on the analysis results, this paper further explains the reasons why the factors play a role, and proposes enlightenment to improve the communication effect of short health science videos.