本文借用“历史世界”的概念，希望将空悬于经学史中的北宋士大夫刘敞拉回政治史的考察视野中，显示北宋学者官僚化的一面，并借此观察北宋仁宗朝晚期官僚群体的政治思维方式和政治行动风格。

刘敞是北宋著名经学家，以博学能文而名动于当时。他的仕宦生涯始于庆历新政失败不久之后的庆历六年（1046），前期仕途得意，但因言忤执政而被排挤出中央，于熙宁变法开始的前一年（1068）逝世。他是仁宗朝后期（1045-1063）北宋政府各项重大决策的见证者和参与者。本文以刘敞的历史世界为研究对象，以时间为线索描绘刘敞的行迹，尤其关注他的政治活动，借此观察仁宗朝后期因循与革新矛盾平衡的政治文化；思考刘敞革新的经学主张和略显保守的政治原则之间的复杂关系，探究北宋士大夫面对为学与为政的内心冲突与不同选择。文章分为三个部分：

第一部分以庆历新政的推行为背景，串联起刘敞的早年活动和与庆历改革派的交往，窥见刘敞对这场亲属参与其中的政治改革相对冷淡的态度。从其文集以及经学议论中看出刘敞对变法的冷静反思。

第二部分分析刘敞为政生涯中详定礼制、阻止仁宗加尊号、反对茶榷改革、声援吕溱和吴充等重要政治活动，总结刘敞以变法角度看来倾向保守的政治主张，结合刘敞的经学观探究其政治哲学。

第三部分以刘敞的政治活动为线索串联为北宋仁宗朝后期的基本政治图景，展现该时段推行的政策，目光向后，将论述延伸至刘敞身后的政治余波。

总之，本文通过对刘敞历史世界的研究，认为以北宋仁宗后期的政治文化处于因循与革新的微妙平衡，刘敞在其中扮演了对改革冷淡观望的因循保守派。刘敞革新的经学学术与守旧的政治原则存在矛盾复杂的关系，说明北宋士大夫的为学与为政思想不必然正相关，二者之间是复杂纠缠的。刘敞处理“学-政”关系采取了与王安石迥乎不同的态度。

With the concept of "historical world", this paper hopes to show the bureaucratization of scholars in the Northern Song Dynasty in the perspective of political history drawn back by the scholar-official Liu Chang in the history of Confucian classics, and to observe the political thinking mode and political action style of bureaucrats in the late Emperor Renzong period.

Liu chang was a famous scholar in the northern song dynasty. His official career began in the sixth year of Qingli (1046), shortly after the failure of Qingli Reforms. He enjoyed a successful career in the early stage, but was forced out of the central committee because of his refusal to govern, and died in the year before the reform of Xi’ning (1068). He was a witness and participant of the major decisions of the northern song government in the late Emperor Renzong period (1045-1063). This paper takes the historical world of Liu Chang as the research object, depicts Liu's path with time as the clue, and pays special attention to his political activities, so as to observe the political culture in the later period of the Renzong period，which is balanced between conformity and innovation. This paper discusses the complex relationship between Liu's innovative views on Confucian classics and his slightly conservative political principles, and explores the inner conflicts and different choices of scholar-officials in the northern song dynasty. The article is divided into three parts:

The first part, with the background of the implementation of Qingli Reforms, links up Liu's early activities and his contacts with the reformists of Qingli, and reveals Liu's relatively cool attitude towards the political reform in which his relatives participated. From the collection of his works and the discussion of Confucian classics, we can see Liu's calm reflection on the reform.

The second part analyzes Liu's important political activities in his political career, such as setting the rules of etiquette, preventing Renzong from adding his title, opposing the new policy of tea, and supporting Lu Qin and Wu Chong.

The third part is the basic political picture of the late Renzong period in the Northern Song Dynasty by taking Liu's political activities as a clue, showing the policies carried out in this period, and extending the discussion to the political aftereffect behind Liu.

In a word, through the study of Liu Chang's historical world, this paper holds that the political culture in the later period of Emperor Renzong in the Northern Song Dynasty is in a delicate balance between cause and innovation, in which Liu Chang plays a conservative who is indifferent to the reform. The contradiction between Liu Chang's innovation of Confucian classics and the conservative political principles shows that the thought of "learning for the sake of government" of the scholar bureaucrats in the Northern Song Dynasty is not necessarily positively related, and there is a conflict between them. Liu Chang took a very different attitude from Wang Anshi in dealing with the relationship between learning and politics.