中国现代意义上的大学制度于民国时期产生，并取得长足发展。当时大学管理的主要特征之一是“教授治校、民主管理”，其中“教授会、评议会”等学术组织为教授参与管理提供了制度平台，学术自由于其中得以保障，学术权力也于其中得以发挥。从制度层面探讨当时大学管理中学术团体的作用，本文选取二三十年代的清华大学教授会（1926-1937）为研究对象。回溯历史，围绕其教授会演变与作用发挥，从制度分析的视角，本研究分为以下四个部分：绪论，介绍选题背景，文献综述，研究方法以及拟解答的问题。第二部分，回溯北洋政府时期的清华状况，教授会设立背景，教授会成立及初步发展。第三部分，回溯南京国民政府接管清华到抗战爆发，这一期间，不同校长执校下的教授会的职权及主要活动，择取典型事例，藉此分析教授会在校务管理中的作用及发展过程。第四部分，教授会特征总结，这一制度设置之于大学管理的意义，以及对于当前的教授委员会的启示。通过上述研究，得出以下结论：一是，教授会制度的形成，离不开清华全校上下所持的教授治校理念，以及教师群体尤其是“少壮派”之努力。二是，教授会作为全体教授参与管理的制度性凭靠，在大学学术权力与政治权力、行政权力的一次次冲突中，总是代表学术权力的教授会胜出，清华教授治校体制也藉此得以巩固；三是：尽管作为教授治校管理体制中的基础性组织，在捍卫学术自由、维护校务自治上功不可没，但就教授会本身而言，其主要作用仍偏重于教授治学。我们一方面应积极效仿史上成功的校务管理组织，取长补短；一方面也要坚持大学在新时代发展中的自主性和创新性，避免一味照搬而出现“泥古不化”的现象。

The morden university came into being in period in Rupublic of China. In order to make clear of academic council function in University Governance in that time, we choose professoriate of Tsinghua Univessity from 1926 to 1937 as the object of study.The thesis could be devided into 4 parts: The introduction, introduces the reason why the professoriate of Tsinghua Univessity is chosed as the object of study, the presentation of document about this object, the research method and the questions to answer. The 2nd part, introduce the development course of professoriate in period of “Beiyang government”, the background of professoriate foundation, the fuondation and development of it in early days. The 3rd part, introduce the activity of professoriate under different presidents in the period from 1928 to 1937, analyze its function in University Governance and its developing process. The conclusion part, make summing-up on professoriate, and point out the meaning of it in University Governance, and its inspiration in currently professoriate.According to this study, these conclusions are made out: 1st, the forming of professoriate, could not part away with the idea of “professor manage university” and young professors′ work in early Tsinghua in that time. 2nd, as the institution could be resort to, professoriate always succeeded in contend against others, which represented political power, administration power and so on. 3rd, alough professoriate was a basic organization, and protected academic independence and college self-government, its main function was to pursue study and teach. We should follow the examples of professoriate in history, learn from its strong points and offset today′s weakness; and the other, persist in independence and innovation in new times.