本文采用文献资料、专家访谈、案例研究、历史方法等研究方法，以俱乐部社会责任的内涵为研究基点，在分析我国职业体育俱乐部社会责任发展与演进的基本逻辑基础上，对我国职业体育俱乐部社会责任发展与演进过程进行阶段划分，挖掘我国职业体育俱乐部社会责任发展与演进的规律性特征，最后，以规律性特征为指导，结合主要问题与英超治理经验，提出我国职业体育俱乐部社会责任发展的总体思路与具体路径。主要研究结论：

1.从俱乐部的认知原点出发，结合两种研究路径的优点，确立了一种我国职业体育俱乐部社会责任研究新的逻辑链条，即我国职业体育俱乐部的功能与使命及其与社会的关系共同决定其履责范畴，且形成了基于俱乐部本质认知下的社会责任内容边界。俱乐部承担社会责任的推动力量、管理方式、制度供给及社会环境等要素在其不同社会责任发展阶段呈现动态演化。

2.根据俱乐部本质认知与功能使命的变化及其社会责任实践内容与实现方式的差异，结合专家观点，将我国职业体育俱乐部社会责任的发展演变过程划分为4个阶段：非企业下的社会责任附庸阶段（1993-1998年）、不完全企业下的社会责任错位阶段（1999-2009年）、一般意义企业下的社会责任重塑阶段（2010-2014年）、现代意义企业下的社会责任创新阶段（2015-至今）。

3.非企业下的社会责任附庸阶段，俱乐部是各省市体委的附属物，按照专业运动队的模式运行。没有摆脱“单位社会”惯性思维的笼罩，缺少有效合理的社会责任实现方式。不完全企业下的社会责任错位阶段，俱乐部是大型企业的附属物，脱嵌于社会之外而内含于市场社会之中，过度承担经济责任而忽视其他责任，缺乏有利的履责环境。一般意义企业下的社会责任重塑阶段，俱乐部是兼具经济功能与社会功能相融合的复合型组织，除内嵌于社会系统外还与社会相互影响，沿着社会关切和对象服务两条路径履行社会责任，社会责任管理意识逐步增强。现代意义企业下的社会责任创新阶段，俱乐部是多元属性的异质性混合企业组织，且与社会形成了互动更为常态、共演更为高级、发展更为协同的共生关系，社会责任的实践内容不断创新，实现方式也出现了新思路、新方式与新制度。

4. 我国职业体育俱乐部社会责任的发展与演进呈现出两条规律特征：“政府-俱乐部-社会”关系范式演变是一个追求关系合意性与合理性的动态变化的过程；俱乐部社会责任观与行为范式演变是俱乐部追求自适应与高级化的过程，且这个过程反过来影响俱乐部的社会责任实践内容与方式。

5.英超俱乐部治理对我国的启示：更新俱乐部社会责任理念，将社会责任内容融入俱乐部的组织运营与管理的整个过程；紧密围绕国家发展战略需求，积极扩大社会责任内容的实践范围；健全俱乐部、体育协会的内部组织机构，设立基金会和社会责任管理部门；在完善俱乐部内部制度基础上，优化俱乐部社会责任治理的外部制度环境；科学构建俱乐部社会责任信息披露机制。

6.我国职业体育俱乐部社会责任发展的机遇与问题并存。俱乐部自身履责问题主要有运动员欠薪问题仍突出，职业生涯规划缺失；俱乐部诚信水平偏低，赞助商合法权益受损；弱势观众需求难以满足，赛场服务质量不高；媒体正常采访权益受损，信息公开难以保障；服务社区缺少系统规划，主动履责能力较差；俱乐部社会责任管理体系不完善。俱乐部履责环境问题主要有政府与协会对俱乐部社会责任行为的专门规制与引导力度不强；俱乐部履责评价体系不完善，很难实现科学引导与有效激励；俱乐部社会责任信息披露不规范，存在选择性披露风险。

7.我国职业体育俱乐部社会责任发展的目标是指在一定时期内俱乐部回馈其所赖以生存的社会和环境的具体指向，具有阶段性、层次性与多元性特点。同时社会责任发展实践必须遵循可负担性、规范性及连续性的原则。

        8.具体路径：对于俱乐部，应完善俱乐部社会责任治理结构，形成多元共治的良好局面；转变社会责任理念，处理好公益性与功利性的互融关系；科学管理履责对象和内容，从全局和战略视角制定社会责任发展规划。对于政府，应进一步完善社会责任相关的政策与法规；引导推动俱乐部强化社会责任建设。对于体育协会和联赛公司，应健全组织内部机构设置，实现社会责任管理科学化；科学评价社会责任实践，激发俱乐部的履责动力；加强社会责任信息披露制度建设，提升俱乐部的履责水平。对于社会，充分发挥新闻媒体宣传功能，推动俱乐部履行社会责任；提升社会公众的维权意识，强化俱乐部履责的社会监督。

Using literature, expert interviews, case studies, historical method and so on, taking the connotation of social responsibility of club as the research starting point, this paper divides the development and evolution process of social responsibility of Chinese professional sports club into stages, excavates the regular characteristics of the development and evolution of social responsibility of Chinese professional sports club on the basis of analyzing the basic logic of the development and evolution of social responsibility of Chinese professional sports club. Finally, under the guidance of the regular characteristics, combined with the main problem and the experience of Premier League governed, we put forward the overall thinking and specific path of development of social responsibility of Chinese professional sports club. Main research conclusions:

1.Starting from the cognitive origin of club and combining the advantages of the two research paths, a new logical chain of social responsibility research of Chinese professional sports club is established. That is, the function and mission of Chinese professional sports club and their relationship with the society determine the scope of social responsibility, and form the content boundary of social responsibility based on the cognition of the essence of club. The driving force, management mode, system supply and social environment of club’s social responsibility show dynamic evolution in its different stages of social responsibility development.

2.According to the changes in the understanding of essence of club and the differences in the practice contents and realization methods of social responsibility, combined with experts’ views, the development and evolution process of social responsibility of Chinese professional sports club is divided into four stages: the stage of social responsibility dependency under non-enterprise(1993-1998), the stage of social responsibility dislocation under incomplete enterprise(1999-2009), the stage of reconstruction of social responsibility in general sense(2010-2014), the stage of innovation of social responsibility in modern enterprise(from 2015 to now).

3.In the stage of social responsibility dependency under non-enterprise, club plays the role of appendages of the provincial and municipal sports committees and operate according to the mode of professional team. There is no way to get rid of the intertied think of “unit society”, and there is no effective and reasonable way to realize social responsibility. In the stage of social responsibility dislocation under incomplete enterprise, club plays the role of accessories of large-scale enterprise, and embedded outside the society and embedded in market society. Club takes over the economic responsibility and ignore other social responsibilities, which is conductive to the realization of social responsibility. In the stage of reconstruction of social responsibility in general sense, club is a compound organization with economic function and social function. In addition to being embedded in the social system, club also interacts with the society. Club fulfills its social responsibility along two paths of social concern and object service, and the awareness of social responsibility management is gradually enhanced. In the stage of innovation of social responsibility in modern enterprise, club is heterogeneous mixed enterprise organization with multiple attributes. Club and society have formed a symbiotic relationship with more normal interaction, more advanced and more coordinated development. The practice content of social responsibility of club is innovated, and new ideas, new ways and new system have emerged in the realization mode.

4.There are two regular characteristics in the development and evolution of social responsibility of Chinese professional sports club: the evolution of the relationship paradigm between “government, club and society” is a dynamic change process of pursuing relationship rationality and agreement. The evolution of social responsibility concept and behavior paradigm of professional sports clubs is a process in which club pursues advanced and adaptive, and which in turn will affect the practice content and way of social responsibility of club.

5.The enlightenment of Premier League club governed to China: we should update the concept of social responsibility of clubs, and integrate the content of social responsibility into the whole process of the organization, operation and management of clubs. We should closely focus on the needs of national development strategy, and actively expand the practice scope of social responsibility content. We should improve the internal organization of clubs and sports associations, and set up foundations and social responsibility management departments. Moreover, on the basis of perfecting the internal system of clubs, the external system environment of social responsibility governed of clubs should be optimized. At last, we should scientifically construct the disclosure mechanism of social responsibility information of clubs.

6.Opportunities and problems coexist in the development of social responsibility of Chinese professional sports club. The main problems of club’s own accountability are as follows: the problem of athletes’ back pay is still prominent, and lack career planning; the integrity level of club is low, and the legitimate rights and interests of sponsors are damaged; it is difficult to meet the needs of vulnerable spectators, and the service quality of venue is not high; the normal rights and interests of media interview are damaged, and information disclosure is difficult to protect; the serviced community lacks systematic planning, and the ability of its accountability is poor; the management system of social responsibility of club is not perfect. The problems of club’s accountability environment are as follows: the special regulation and guidance of government and association to club’s social responsibility behavior are not strong; it is difficult to achieve scientific guidance and effective motivation because the evaluation system of club’s accountability is not perfect; the information disclosure of social responsibility of club is not standardized, and there is a risk of selective disclosure.

7.The goal of the development of social responsibility of Chinese professional sports clubs is to give back to the society and environment that clubs depend on in a certain period of time, which is characterized by stages, levels and diversity. At the same time, we must follow the principles of affordability, standardization and continuity in the practice of social responsibility development.

8.Specific paths: for clubs, we should improve the governed structure of club’s social responsibility, and form a good situation of multi-governance; the concept of social responsibility should be changed, and we should deal with the mutual relationship between public welfare and utility; we should scientifically manage the objects and contents of club’s accountability, and formulate the development plan of social responsibility from the perspective of overall situation and strategy. For government, we should further improve the related policies and regulations of social responsibility, and guide and promote the club to strengthen the construction of social responsibility. For sports associations and League companies, we should improve the organization structure and promote the scientific management of social responsibility; the practice of social responsibility should be scientific evaluated to motivate the club to fulfill its social responsibility; we should strengthen the construction of information disclosure system of social responsibility to improve club’s level of social responsibility. For the society, we should give full play to the propaganda function of news media and promote club to fulfill its social responsibility; the public’s awareness of rights protection should be strengthened to enhance the social supervision of the club’s accountability.