摘要

大学生就业不仅关系着个人职业发展,还关系到国家兴盛以及社会政治经济稳定。学界关于大学生就业问题的研究成果也比较丰富,认为大学生就业难就难在大学生就业能力不足。^[[1]]与此同时,学界从实证角度验证了这一论断,发现就业能力会对就业结果和就业质量产生显著影响。可见,大学生就业能力研究是就业领域研究的重中之重。

研究表明,大学生就业能力除了受大学生个人因素影响以外,还受到了多种外部因素的影响,比如政府、高校、家庭等等等。家庭作为社会组织的最基本细胞,在孩子成长过程中一直发挥着特殊作用。因此,对于大学生就业能力影响因素的探究,不应忽视家庭因素。一些学者已对家庭因素与大学生就业能力的关系展开了研究,但从研究结果来看,学界对于家庭因素对大学生就业能力的探究并不深入。

本研究在梳理国内外大学生就业能力的相关研究的基础上,运用布迪厄的文化资本理论,分析家庭背景与大学生就业能力之间的关系,并与中国的现实文化背景相结合,修订出高信效度的调查问卷,对案例高校毕业生的就业能力的发展现状、差异以及影响因素进行了实证分析。

本研究选取了北京B高校2019届本科应届毕业生为研究对象,抽取6个院系进行调查,基本涵盖了人文学科、社会科学和自然科学等学科门类,采用无记名问卷法共发放纸质问卷400份。根据研究需要,对回收的数据进行了描述性统计、均值比较、差异及相关分析以及多元线性回归分析。

该论文共分为六章：第一章为导论,主要探讨研究背景、研究意义以及问题提出等内容;第二章为文献综述部分,主要对学界关于大学生就业能力的研究进行了梳理;第三章为理论基础,运用布迪厄文化资本理论的核心观点,并探讨与本研究的关系;第四章为研究设计,较为详细地阐述了该文研究思路与框架、调查数据来源、研究方法、研究假设以及各变量操作性定义;第五章为实证分析部分,对大学生就业能力行了量化分析,剖析样本学生的就业能力现状、影响因素;第六章为研究结论与建议、不足与反思,在较为系统地总结和分析研究结果的基础上提出了具体建议,并对本研究的不足进行了反思和展望。

研究发现,该校毕业生就业能力整体较强,进行因子分析归纳该校学生就业能力结构类型主要有五种：能力均值由高到低包容力、自我管理能力、沟通交往能力、实操能力和专业能力。家庭背景中对大学生就业能力产生影响的因素家庭藏书类型丰富程度、家庭智育以及家庭收入在当地水平等。

综合上述研究结论,本研究认为应该从以下几个方面对大学生就业能力进行提升：家庭方面,要强化子女教育支持,特别是早期的教育,因为儿童早期的教育和培养对其成人成才非常重要; 大学生个人层面,不要有“家庭决定论”的绝望感,要充分利用大学的良好平台,进行各方面的实践,以提升自身综合素质;高校层面,加强能力提升的针对性,注重对出身弱势学生群体的帮助和帮扶,以弥补家庭方面的劣势。

ABSTRACT

The employment of college students is an important part of social employment. The employment of college students is not only related to personal career development, but also to the prosperity of the country and the political and economic stability of the society. The academic research on the employment issue of college students has abundant achievements, and it is believed that the core of college students' employment issue lies in lacking of employability. At the same time, the academiaverified this conclusion from the empirical perspective,meawhile found that the employability of college students has a significant impact on the employment results and employment quality. It can be seen that research on the employability of college students is the first priority in the field of college student employment research.

A number of studies have shown that college students' employability is not only affected by their own efforts, but also affected by a variety of external factors, such as the government, colleges and families. Family is the most basic cell of social organization, and family environment plays a special role in children's growth. Therefore, the cultivation and edification of children's characters, hobbies and interests in the family environment will directly affect the development of their professional competencies. Therefore, the family factor should not be neglected in the research Some scholars have studied the relationship between family factors and college students' employability,however, from the present point of view, it is clear that the  academiao have not made an in-depth study of family cultural capital on college students' employability.

This study combing the college students' employment ability both at home and abroad on the basis of related research,  when on the basis of  based on Pierre Bourdieu’s.

On the basis of combing related research on the employability of college students of domestic and foreign .Pierre Bourdieu’s cultural capital theory is used to analyze the relationship between family background and college students' employability. After that this study combines it with the actual cultural background of China to revise high reliability. The survey questionnaire of the degree has conducted an empirical analysis on the development status, differences and influencing factors of the employability of college graduates in the case.

In this study, the 2019 undergraduate graduates of Beijing B university were selected as the research object, and samples of 6 schools and departments covering humanities, natural sciences and social sciences were selected. A total of 400 paper questionnaires were issued by anonymous questionnaire. According to the research needs, descriptive statistics, mean comparison, difference and correlation analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis were carried out on the recovered data.

The main body of the paper is divided into six chapters: the first chapter is an introduction, which mainly discusses the research background, significance, problem and concept definition of this research. The second chapter is a literature review, which mainly sorts out the relevant research of employability of  domestic and foreign college students. The third chapter, based on the theory of Pierre Bourdieu’s cultural capital theory, to explore and analyze the relationship between Pierre Bourdieu’s  cultural capital theory and this study. The fourth chapter is the research design, which elaborates the research ideas and framework, data sources, research methods, research hypotheses, and operational definitions of research variables. The fifth chapter is the empirical analysis part, which carries on the quantitative analysis to the college student's employability and analyzes the status and influence factors of the employability of sample students; The sixth chapter contains research conclusion and suggestion, the insufficiency and the reflection.Based on a more systematic summary and analysis of the research results, specific suggestions are put forward, and the shortcomings of this research are reflected and prospected.

It is found that the employability of the graduates of the university is relatively strong on the whole.and factor analysis is used to summarize the five types of employability structure of the students : average ability from high to low tolerance,self-management ability, communication ability, practical ability and professional competence.

Factors influencing the employability of college students in family background include the richness of family library,family intelligence and local income of thefamily.

Based on the conclusion of the above research, this study suggests that the employment ability of university students should be improved from the following aspects.The family should strengthen the support for children's education, especially early education, because the early education and training is very important for adult development.College students do not have the desperate sense of "family determinism" and they should make full use of the university's good platform to carry out various aspects of practice in order to improve their comprehensive quality.The university should strengthen the pertinence ability for university students and help the disadvantaged students to make up for the disadvantages of the family.