本文以城市青年为研究对象，观察个体化进程下社会关系的实践情况，并试图讨论中国社会个体化的特点。个体化的进程并非单线展开，可以分别从私人领域、职业场所以及公共生活三个领域展开讨论，这三个领域中的城市青年社会关系实践及个体化特点又存在一定联系。

在私人领域的社会关系中，城市青年的亲属关系网呈现出以己为中心的圈层特征，与父母双系的亲属网相交叠，但是交往的重点在于核心家庭内部，在亲密情感和伦理认同的共同作用下，城市青年和父母保持着紧密的连接。城市青年还发展了朋友关系，为家庭关系进行了扩展和补充。不论是面对家庭还是朋友，城市青年的个人意识都不断增强，他们更强调个人隐私，在实践中探索着个体与亲密关系相处的边界。

在职业场所中，不论体制内外，都受到了科层制的影响，组织内规章制度日益完善，这在形式上明确了个体与个体、个体和组织的关系，减少了依附关系发生的可能，但是在制度实践中又存在依附条件。尤其是在组织内部的竞争压力下，个体与个体、个体与组织间的关系也会发生变动。同时，劳动力市场的流动性催生了个体自我负责的意识，在企业高度市场化经营的背景下，青年个体正在自我商品化，失去对工作意义的感知，他们依赖市场提高自身的雇佣价值；市场的风险也可能导致青年个体对组织的依附，让城市青年的工作心态从“社会人”转向“单位人”。城市青年需要在制度安全和市场风险之间，在个人提升和关系维系之间做出抉择，根据个人的实际情况选择工作组织进行嵌入。

城市青年在私人领域、职业场所之外，也在寻求公共生活领域的“再嵌入”，城市青年在兴趣社群中以线上或线下的方式进行临时、短暂的交往，满足娱乐、甚至情感的需求，释放生活和工作的压力；在志愿者群体中拓展自身，寻求价值认同。不过也并非所有青年都在有目的性、组织性地参与公共生活，还有部分城市青年是“沉默”的个体。

对话于费孝通的“差序格局”和个体化议题，城市青年的社会关系在结构特点和运行逻辑上既受到传统伦理文化的影响，也体现出个体化特征，而从城市青年构建社会关系的实践中，可以发现中国文化背景下的个体是存在于关系秩序中的个体。

This paper takes urban youth as the research object, observes the practice of social relations under the process of individuation, and tries to discuss the characteristics of Chinese society individuation. The process of individuation is not carried out in a single line, it can be discussed from the private sphere, the professional place and the public life respectively, and there is a certain connection between the practice of social relations of urban youth and the characteristics of individuation in these three fields.

In the private sphere of social relations, the kinship network of urban youth shows the characteristics of self-centered circle, overlapping with the kinship network of parents. However, the focus of communication lies in the nuclear family, and under the joint action of intimate emotion and ethical identity, urban youth and parents maintain a close connection. Urban youth also develop friendships that extend and complement family relationships. Whether in the face of family or friends, urban youth's personal consciousness is increasing, they emphasize more personal privacy, and explore the boundaries of individual and intimate relationship in practice.

In occupational places, both inside and outside the system, are affected by bureaucracy, and the rules and regulations within the organization are increasingly perfect, which in form clarifies the relationship between individuals and individuals, individuals and organizations, and reduces the possibility of dependency, but there are conditions of dependency in institutional practice. Especially under the pressure of competition within the organization, the relationship between individuals and individuals and between individuals and organizations will also change. At the same time, the mobility of the labor market gives birth to the sense of individual self-responsibility. Under the background of highly market-oriented enterprises, young individuals are self-commoditizing and losing their sense of the meaning of work. They rely on the market to improve their employment value. The risk of the market may also lead to the attachment of individual young people to the organization, so that the working mentality of urban young people from "social people" to "unit people". Urban youth need to make a choice between institutional security and market risks, between personal improvement and relationship maintenance, and choose work organizations to embed according to their actual situations.

In addition to private areas and professional places, urban youth are also seeking to "re-embed" in the field of public life. Urban youth engage in temporary and temporary communication online or offline in interest communities to meet their entertainment and even emotional needs and release the pressure of life and work. Expand oneself in the volunteer group and seek value recognition. However, not all young people are participating in public life in a purposeful and organized way, and some urban youth are "silent" individuals.

The dialogue is based on Fei Xiaotong's "differential pattern" and the issue of individuality. In terms of structural characteristics and operation logic, the social relations of urban youth are not only influenced by traditional ethical culture, but also reflect the characteristics of individuality. From the practice of constructing social relations of urban youth, it can be found that individuals in the context of Chinese culture are individuals existing in relationships.