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中文题名:

 关于20世纪50年代的苏联对华工业援助    

姓名:

 思佳    

保密级别:

 公开    

论文语种:

 中文    

学科代码:

 060200    

学科专业:

 中国史    

学生类型:

 硕士    

学位:

 历史学硕士    

学位类型:

 学术学位    

学位年度:

 2022    

校区:

 北京校区培养    

学院:

 历史学院    

研究方向:

 中国现当代史    

第一导师姓名:

 张皓    

第一导师单位:

 北京师范大学历史学院    

提交日期:

 2022-01-13    

答辩日期:

 2021-12-17    

外文题名:

 THOUGHTS ON THE SOVIE UNION’S AID TO CHINA IN THE 1950S    

中文关键词:

 鞍山钢铁厂 ; 苏联 ; 对华援助    

外文关键词:

 Anshan Iron and Steel Plant ; Soviet Union ; Aid to China    

中文摘要:

中华人民共和国从1949年建国以来,由于当时政治形势的背景下,从1950-1956年之间,苏联对于中国建设方面的援助体现在方方面面。尤其是在1953年“一五”规划的提出,苏联对华援助涉及到156个建设单位,集中力量帮助中国实施工业建设,从而奠定中国社会主义工业化的初步基础。在1950-1956年期间,甚至以后很长的一段时间里,苏联援助中国,中国从苏联内部引进完整且适用于社会主义国家的整套设备和技术,同时苏联派遣专家精心传授并指导中国技术人员相关知识。

本文首先通过参考文献,结合中国国内和国家有关苏联对华援助的相关文献,运用历史分析法、数据分析法和文献整理法,归纳总结出有利于本文研究开展的资料与信息。由于当时社会主义国家经济发展速度缓慢、世界对立两大阵营的形成和《中苏友好同盟互助条约》签署的国际背景以及中国革命工作重心转移、新中国经济建设百废待兴和人才匮乏和经济建设资金技术缺口严重的中国国内形势,中国需要恢复经济建设。苏联在20世纪50年代,主要通过向中国派遣专家、提供低息贷款、中苏发展双边贸易以及提供技术资料等主要内容对中国加以援助,全面了解苏联对华援助的方方面面。本文主要研究20世纪50年代(1951-1959年)这一期间苏联对华援助,以鞍山钢铁厂为例,从鞍山钢铁厂的概况和历史发展两个方面展开研究,了解鞍山钢铁的发展过程,也从中基本了解苏联在对鞍山钢铁援助的内容,进而基于参考文献发现苏联对华援助存在政治和经贸两个方面的问题。从而归纳总结出苏联对华援助具有推动中苏两国之间关系的发展、突破西方国家对华经济封锁以及奠定新中国工业化基础等三个方面的积极作用,同时中国在苏联的援助过程中也存在盲目照搬苏联模式和经营、苏联具有大国强势趋势的消极作用,通过以上积极和消极的作用,总结出中国坚持中国特色社会主义道路和独立自主和平外交政策的经验,从而为中国建设特色社会主义道路以及其他社会主义国家发展和建设提供指导和参考。

外文摘要:

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, due to the political situation at the time, the Soviet Union’s assistance to China’s construction from 1950-1956 has been reflected in all aspects. Especially in 1953, when the "First Five-Year Plan" was put forward, the Soviet Union's assistance to China involved 156 construction units, and concentrated their efforts to help China implement industrial construction, thus laying the initial foundation for China's socialist industrialization. During the period 1950-1956, and even for a long period of time thereafter, the Soviet Union assisted China. China imported a complete set of equipment and technology suitable for socialist countries from within the Soviet Union. At the same time, the Soviet Union sent experts to teach and guide Chinese technical personnel. knowledge.

This article first uses references, combined with Chinese domestic and national related documents on Soviet aid to China, and uses historical analysis, data analysis, and document collation to summarize and summarize the materials and information that are conducive to the research and development of this article. Due to the slow economic development of the socialist countries at that time, the formation of the two major camps in the world, the international background of the signing of the Sino-Soviet Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance Treaty, the shift of the focus of China's revolutionary work, the new China’s economic development, the shortage of talents and the economy In China's domestic situation where there is a serious construction funding and technology gap, China can only rely on Soviet assistance to restore China's economic construction. In the 1950s, the Soviet Union assisted China mainly through dispatching experts to China, providing low-interest loans, developing bilateral trade between China and the Soviet Union, and providing technical information, so as to fully understand all aspects of Soviet assistance to China. This article studies the Soviet Union’s assistance to China in the 1950s. Taking Anshan Iron and Steel Plant as the research object of this article, it conducts research from the two aspects of Anshan Iron and Steel Plant's general situation and historical development, to understand the development process of Anshan Iron and Steel, and also to understand the Soviet Union in the 20th century. The aid to it in the 1950s, and then based on references, found that the Soviet Union’s aid to China had political and economic and trade problems. It can be concluded that the Soviet Union’s aid to China plays a positive role in promoting the development of relations between China and the Soviet Union, breaking through the economic blockade of Western countries against China, and laying the foundation for the industrialization of the new China. At the same time, China also exists in the Soviet Union’s aid process. Blindly imitating the Soviet model and management, the negative effect of the Soviet Union’s trend of being a great power and strong power, through the above positive and negative effects, summed up China’s experience in adhering to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics and an independent and peaceful foreign policy, so as to realize the construction of the road to socialism with Chinese characteristics. Provide guidance and reference.
参考文献总数:

 73    

馆藏号:

 硕060200/22001    

开放日期:

 2023-01-13    

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