在中药材的贮藏与运输过程中，仓储害虫不仅蛀蚀中药材，其肢体碎片和排泄物还会 污染中药材，造成中药材质量下降，甚至会产生毒素，危害人类健康。常见的危害中药材 的仓储害虫有烟草甲、药材甲、赤拟谷盗、嗜卷书虱、咖啡豆象和印度谷螟等。目前，中 药材仓储害虫的防治方法主要分为物理防治（如加温、冷藏、气调）、化学防治（如化学药 剂熏蒸法）和生态防治等几类。物理防治通常需要大型设备的建设，成本较高，难以普及； 化学防治（如化学药剂熏蒸法），应用较为广泛，但往往会导致化学残留、环境污染以及昆 虫产生抗药性等危害。因此，利用植物中具有抗虫活性的物质进行生态防治是目前仓储害 虫研究的热点。对抗同贮法是中药材防治仓储害虫的方法之一，是劳动人民对生活经验的 总结，具有悠久的历史。

姜黄属是一个具有药用、观赏、香料等重要经济价值的植物类群，被开发作为调味品、 色素、香料、染料、化妆品和杀虫剂等。之前的研究表明，姜黄属植物具有广泛的生物活 性。本文采集了 4 种姜黄属植物不同部位的样品并制备得到 7 个挥发油样品，通过气相色 谱质谱联用鉴定其化学成分，以啮齿目典型仓储害虫嗜卷书虱（Liposcelis bostrychophila） 和鞘翅目典型仓储害虫烟草甲（Lasioderma serricorne）、赤拟谷盗（Tribolium castanenum） 为靶标昆虫，对 7 种姜黄属挥发油进行初步的熏蒸、触杀和驱避活性筛选，结合各种因素 优选出大莪术挥发油，采用硅胶柱层析法对其进行化学成分的分离与纯化，并用 1H-NMR 和 13C-NMR 谱对分离出的化合物进行解析，并对分离得到的两种单体化合物进行触杀和 驱避两种活性评价，得到结果和结论如下：

1．从大莪术（根部）、南昆山莪术（根部、茎叶）、红柄郁金（全株）和春秋姜黄（根 部、花序）中获得 7 种挥发油，通过气相色谱质谱联用和对比 NIST 数据库，总共确定 112 种化合物。挥发油中主要含单萜、含氧单萜、倍半萜、含氧倍半萜以及芳香族化合物。

2．选取 7 种挥发油，对三种靶标昆虫进行活性评价。7 种挥发油样品对靶标昆虫均无 熏蒸活性。春秋姜黄根部挥发油（LD₅₀ = 8.6 μg/cm2）和大莪术根部轻油（LD₅₀ = 13.56 μg/cm2） 对嗜卷书虱较强的触杀活性；大莪术根部轻油（LD₅₀ = 4.91 μg/adult）对烟草甲的触杀活性 II 最强；春秋姜黄根部（LD₅₀ = 5.28 μg/adult）挥发油的对赤拟谷盗的触杀活性大大强于其他 挥发油样品。7 种挥发油样品对三种靶标昆虫展现了不同程度的驱避活性，在高浓度情况 下，嗜卷书虱对 7 种姜黄属样品较敏感，样品对嗜卷书虱的驱避活性较好且稳定。相比较 与其他靶标昆虫，高浓度的大莪术根部挥发油对赤拟谷盗的驱避效果最好；南昆山莪术、 春秋姜黄和红柄郁金植株对嗜卷书虱的驱避效果最好。7 种挥发油对嗜卷书虱和烟草甲的 驱避活性总体上上随着时间的增加而增加，而对赤拟谷盗的驱避活性随着暴露时间的增加 在高浓度区间呈减弱趋势，在低浓度区间又有微弱的增强。大莪术根部轻油、南昆山莪术 茎叶、和春秋姜黄根在最低浓度时都出现微弱的吸引作用。

3．从大莪术挥发油中共分离得到三个化合物，分别为莪术酮、呋喃二烯酮和大莪术萜 烯。以嗜卷书虱和烟草甲为靶标对象，对莪术酮和呋喃二烯酮进行触杀和驱避两种活性评 价，呋喃二烯酮（LD₅₀ = 30.85 μg/cm2）对嗜卷书虱的触杀活性比莪术酮（LD₅₀ = 33.62 μg/cm2） 稍强；呋喃二烯酮（LD₅₀ = 1.66 μg/adult）对烟草甲的触杀活性大大强于莪术酮（LD₅₀ = 3.37 μg/adult），约为莪术酮的两倍。两种单体都对嗜卷书虱具有较强的驱避活性，但对烟草甲 的驱避活性比较一般。 本文总结了姜黄属植物抗虫活性的初步规律。

本研究证明，姜黄属植物挥发油具有较 好的抗虫活性，具有开发植物源抗虫剂的巨大潜力，同时本研究也为姜黄属植物资源的开 发与利用提供新的思路与方法，有利于实现姜黄属资源的充分开发与利用。

Stored-product insects corrode traditional Chinese medicine and contaminate traditional Chinese medicine with their body fragments and excreta under storage and transportation, resulting in the deterioration of the quality of traditional Chinese medicine and even endangering human health. There are many kinds of storage pests, among which the dominant species are Lasioderma serricorne, Stegobium paniceum, Tribolium castaneum, Liposcelis bostrychophila, Araecetus fasciculatus and Plodia interpunctella. Physical methods, chemicals and ecological methods were applied to manage stored-product insects. Physical methods usually require the construction of large equipment and high cost, which are difficult to popularize. Chemicals (such as chemical fumigation) are widely used, but they often lead to residues of chemicals, environmental pollution, and target insects' resistance. Therefore, plants with insecticidal activity have been widely concerned. There is a long history in China of using traditional Chinese medicine to control insects.

Genus Curcuma has an important economic value in medicine, ornamental and spice, and was developed as condiment, pigment, spice, dye, cosmetics, and insecticides. According to previous studies, Curcuma plants have various biological activities. Fumigant, contact and repellent activity of 7 essential oils (EOs) against Tribolium castaneum, Lasioderma serricorne, Liposcelis bostrychophila were evaluated. EO of Curcuma elata was chosen by various factors. The compounds isolated from C. elata EO were analyzed by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra, and their contact and repellent activities against Lasioderma serricorne and Liposcelis bostrychophila were evaluated. The results and conclusions were as follows:

1. In this work, 7 EOs from 4 plants of the genus Curcuma, namely Curcuma elata, Curcumana nkunshanensis, Curcuma rubescen, and Curcuma attenuate were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Totally 112 IV compounds were identified in the EOs. There are monoterpenes, oxymonoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, oxysesquiterpenes and aromatic compounds in the EOs.

2. Seven EOs were selected, and their activities against three target insects were evaluated. None of the 7 EOs had fumigant activity to three target insects. C. attenuate EO (LD₅₀ = 8.6 μg/cm2 ) and the light oil of C. elata (LD₅₀ = 13.56 μg/cm2 ) showed strong contact activity against Liposcelis bostrychophila. The light oil of C. elata (LD₅₀ = 4.91 μg/adult) showed the highest contact activity against Lasioderma serricorne. The contact activity of the EO of Curcuma attenuate root (LD₅₀ = 5.28 μg/adult) was much stronger than that of other EOs. The seven EOs showed different degrees of repellent activity against three target insects. Liposcelis bostrychophila was more sensitive to the seven Curcuma EOs at high concentrations, and the repellent activity against Liposcelis bostrychophila was stable. Compared with other target insects, the EO of C. elata had the best repellent activity against Tribolium castaneum under the high concentration. C. nkunshanensis, C. rubescent, and C. attenuate showed the best repellent activity against Tribolium castaneum than other insects. The repellent activities of 7 EOs against Lasioderma serricorne and Liposcelis bostrychophila increased with time, while decreased against Tribolium castaneum, there was a slight increase in repellent activity overtime at low concentrations. EO of C. nkunshanensis leaf, the light oil of C. elata and C. attenuate EO all showed weak attraction at the lowest concentration.

3. Three compounds were isolated from the EO of C. elata, namely curzerenone, furanodienone and compound 3. The results showed that the contact activity of furanodienone (LD₅₀ = 33.62 μg/cm2 ) against Liposcelis bostrychophila was a little higher than that of curzerenone (LD₅₀ = 30.85 μg/cm2 ). The contact activity of furanodienone (LD₅₀ = 1.66 μg/adult) against Lasioderma serricorne was twice that of curzerenone (LD₅₀ = 3.37 μg/adult). The two compounds showed strong activity against Liposcelis bostrychophila, but weaker against Lasioderma serricorne.

In this work, the preliminary regularity of anti-insect activities of Curcuma spp. were summarized. It indicated that the EOs of Curcuma have promising potential to be developed into botanical pesticides and repellents controlling pest damage in warehouses and grain stores. At the same time, this study also provide a new idea for developing and utilising the Curcuma spp..