高温超导材料是近年来备受关注的研究领域。从超导电性的发现，到低温超导材料在工业、医疗等方面的重要应用，再到高温超导材料的发现，超导材料家族在几十年的时间里飞速壮大，其中还包含种类较少的重费米子超导体、有机超导体、碳单质超导体等。1986年发现铜氧化物高温超导体，2008年发现铁基超导体，2019年发现镍氧化物超导体，高温超导材料临界温度高，突破了液氮温区，降低了提供低温环境的成本，并且由于种类丰富，在超导材料中占据数量优势。应用方面，由于铜氧化物高温超导材料的脆性，高温超导带材、线材在超导磁线圈应用中存在许多技术局限。铁基超导体相较于铜氧化物超导体，韧性更强，形变后不易受损，更容易应用于超导线圈绕制，科学家针对提高其载流能力和使用稳定性进行了许多探究。不断发现临界温度更高的超导体，探索室温超导的可能，是目前超导材料研究的一个重要方向。

High-temperature superconducting materials are a research field that has attracted considerable attention in recent years. From the discovery of superconductivity, to the important applications of low-temperature superconducting materials in industries and medicine, to the discovery of high-temperature superconducting materials, the family of superconducting materials has grown rapidly over the past few decades, including rarer types such as heavy fermion superconductors, organic superconductors, and carbon mono-superconductors. The discovery of copper oxide high-temperature superconductors in 1986, iron-based superconductors in 2008, and nickel oxide superconductors in 2019 have pushed the critical temperature of high-temperature superconducting materials beyond the liquid nitrogen temperature region, reducing the cost of providing low-temperature environments. Moreover, due to their rich variety, they dominate in terms of quantity in the field of superconducting materials. In terms of applications, because of the brittleness of copper oxide high-temperature superconducting materials, there are many technical limitations in the application of high-temperature superconducting tapes and wires in superconducting magnetic coils. Compared to copper oxide superconductors, iron-based superconductors are more ductile and less prone to damage after deformation, making them easier to apply in the winding of superconducting coils. Scientists have conducted many explorations to improve their current-carrying capacity and operational stability. Continuously discovering superconductors with higher critical temperatures and exploring the possibility of room-temperature superconductivity are important directions in current superconductor research.