初入大学校园的新生们面临环境的变化和身份角色的转变，研究发现许多新生都会经历孤独感的困扰，而如果孤独感长期存在会对其身心健康产生影响。孤独感受到集体-个人文化的影响，让我们有机会从社会建构的角度理解孤独感。叙事疗法属于后现代咨询取向，重视社会文化对个体的影响，通过外化问题，与来访者一同重构喜欢的故事。所以，从松动社会建构的角度来看，可以用叙事疗法干预大学新生的孤独感。希望了解咨询的有效性，还希望探索叙事治疗中的外化技术如何在咨询过程中发挥作用，因此本研究诠释现象学的质性方法分析文本材料，整理咨询技术、来访者变化等，以回应研究问题。

咨询师与来访者进行了14次咨询，可划分为初始阶段（1-3次）、工作阶段（4-10次）、巩固阶段（11-13次）结束阶段（14次），主要通过外化对话与来访者一起将人与问题分开，双重聆听来访者的多元故事，通过解构式问话、特殊意义事件和改写问题命名等方式与来访者解构并重构了对问题的态度和对问题的理解，走向期待故事的叙说，最终重新建构喜欢的自我认同，而重获改变或接纳的力量。

使用情绪-社交孤独问卷（ESLI）、抑郁-焦虑-压力量表（DASS-21）作为定量测评工具，咨询感受与结案后访谈作为定性测评工具，在咨询开始前至结束后对来访者进行测评。结果发现来访者对孤独感的负面态度发生解构，来访者更接纳孤独感的存在，对于有孤独感的自己也建构了更完整的自我认同。

在质性分析结果中，通过对咨询逐字稿的编码分析，确定了咨询师所使用的咨询技术，整理了在整个咨询中所运用的外化技术；将来访者的反应进行诠释形成意义单元，接着提取出主题并形成经验的描述，展现来访者的问题随咨询进行发生变化的过程。另外，与来访者共同完成结案访谈的回应，以来访者的语言和视角呈现了对咨询前后变化的体验。

本研究发现，叙事疗法对松动大学新生的孤独感有效。咨询中梳理了孤独感的被建构过程，并促成孤独感的解构与再建构，帮助来访者重新建构更喜欢的自我认同。此外，本研究形成了叙事疗法外化技术的作用过程，验证外化问题故事是叙事咨询起效的重要转折点。以来访者的变化过程为线索，形成了外化技术的起效过程，最后得出了对叙事咨询起效过程的认识，整体包括五个阶段：描述处境脉络，外化问题故事，重拾在地知识，多元故事，偏好故事。来访者通过从描述处境经验到外化问题的转变，逐渐拉开了与问题的距离，获得了重新审视问题的机会。

As new college students face environmental changes and changes in identity and role, studies have found that many freshmen experience loneliness, and loneliness can affect their physical and mental health if it lasts for a long time. The feeling of loneliness influenced by the collective-individual culture gives us the opportunity to understand loneliness from a socially constructed perspective. Narrative therapy belongs to the orientation of post-modern counseling, which attaches importance to the influence of social culture on individuals, and reconstructs favorite stories with clients by externalizing problems. Therefore, from the perspective of loose social construction, narrative therapy can be used to intervene the loneliness of college freshmen. Hope to understand the effectiveness of the consultation, and to explore how the externalization of narrative therapy technology play a role in the consultation process, therefore, this study interprets the phenomenological qualitative methods to analyze the text material, finishing technology, the visitor change, etc., in response to the research question.

Consultants and visitors 14 times, can be divided into initial stage (1-3 times), the working phase (4-10 times), phase (11-13) end (14), mainly through externalization dialogue with visitors who is separated from the problem, double listen to the diverse stories of the visitors, Through deconstruction type question, special events and rewrite the problem named with deconstruction and reconstruction the visitor to the attitude of the problem and the understanding of the problem, to look forward to the narrative of the story, finally reconstruct like identity, and to regain the power to change or to accept.

Using Emotional-Social Loneliness Inventory(ESLI), Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale(DASS-21)as a quantitative assessment tool, after consulting experience and case interview as a qualitative assessment tools, in consultation before and after measurement on the visitors. The results showed that the negative attitudes of the clients to loneliness were deconstruct, the clients accepted the existence of loneliness more and constructed a more complete self-identity for themselves with loneliness.

In the results of qualitative analysis, through the coding analysis of the verbatim consultation manuscript, the consultation techniques used by the consultant were determined, and the externalization techniques used in the whole consultation were summarized. The client's response was interpreted to form a meaning unit, and then the theme was extracted to form a description of the experience, showing the process of the client's problems changing with the consultation. In addition, the responses to the closing interview were completed together with the client, presenting the experience of the changes before and after the consultation in the language and perspective of the client.

This study found that narrative therapy was effective in treating loneliness among loosening college freshmen. The consultation combated the construction process of loneliness, and promoted the deconstruction and reconstruction of loneliness, and helped clients to reconstruct their preferred self-identity. In addition, this study formed the functional process of externalizing techniques of narrative therapy, and verified that externalizing problem stories is an important turning point for narrative counseling to work. Based on the change process of clients, the effective process of externalizing techniques is formed. Finally, the understanding of the effective process of narrative counseling is obtained, which includes five stages: describing the context of the situation, externalizing the problem story, recovering the local knowledge, multiple stories, and preference stories. Through the transition from describing the situation experience to externalizing the problem, the client gradually distanced himself from the problem and gained the opportunity to re-examine the problem.