19 世纪的法国古迹修复与民族认同构建紧密相连。大革命以来，构建民族认同成为迫 切的政治需求。历史研究为塑造民族提供了材料，古迹修复是历史的象征，更是推广认同 的途径之一。大革命对历史古迹产生了双重影响。一方面，“国家遗产”概念被发明，历史古迹成为国家财产，为古迹修复奠定了法理基础。另一方面，革命对旧制度的全面否定、 非基督教化运动的兴起，导致大量历史古迹遭受“汪达尔主义”破坏，刺激了浪漫主义的 怀古情绪。七月王朝时期，在浪漫主义史学和文学的双重影响下，中世纪被认为是近代法 兰西民族的真正起源，“哥特”从传统语境中的贬义词一跃成为了民族精神和智慧的代名词， 以巴黎圣母院为代表的哥特建筑成为这一时期法国乃至欧洲古迹修复运动中的主流。19 世 纪中期，大批历史古迹得到切实的修复，深受浪漫主义者影响的历史古迹委员会主导修复工作，希望利用建筑语言，依靠古迹修复推广民族文化、增进社会民族认同。在梅里美的支持下，建筑师维奥莱-勒-迪克大胆采取“风格式修复”的方针修复巴黎圣母院，追求凸显教堂历史感的同时，也力求体现法国 19 世纪对自由、理性等启蒙精神的发扬。在他的修复下，巴黎圣母院再现辉煌，成为世界知名的历史景观，使许多法国人为之自豪，潜移默化中加深了个体对“民族”这一共同体的认同感。历经 19 世纪的不断探索与实践，法国的古迹逐渐与民族历史融为一体，成为了“建筑的史书”，并在此后长期占据文化民族认同的中心，最终成为了如今牵动民族情感的“记忆之场”。

The restoration of French monuments in the 19th century is closely linked to the construction of national identity. Since the French Revolution, the construction of national identity had become an urgent political need. History provides material for shaping nation, and the restoration of monuments is one of the ways to promote identity. The French Revolution had a double impact on historical monuments. On the one hand, the concept of "national heritage" was invented, and historical monuments became national property, laying a legal foundation for the restoration of monuments. On the other hand, the revolution's comprehensive rejection of the Old Regime and the rise of the de-Christianization led to the destruction of a large number of historical monuments by "Vandalism", stimulating the nostalgic sentiment of romanticism. During the July Dynasty, under the dual influence of romantic historiography and literature, the Middle Ages was considered the true origin of the modern French nation, "Gothic" jumped from a pejorative term in the traditional context to a synonym for national spirit and wisdom, and Gothic architecture represented by Notre Dame Cathedral became the mainstream of the restoration movement of monuments in France and even Europe during this period. In the mid-19th century, a large number of historical monuments were effectively restored, and the Commission des Monument Historique, which was deeply influenced by the Romantics, led the restoration work, hoping to use architectural language and rely on the restoration of monuments to promote national culture and enhance identity. With the support of Prosper Mérimée, the architect Viollet-le-Duc boldly adopted the policy of "stylistic restoration" to restore Notre Dame Cathedral, pursuing to highlight the historical sense of the church, but also to reflect the French 19th century Enlightenment spirit of freedom, reason and other inspiration. Under his restoration, Notre Dame Cathedral was restored to its glory and became a world-renowned historical landscape, which made many French people proud and subtly deepened the individual's sense of identity with the "nation" community. After continuous exploration and practice in the 19th century, French monuments gradually integrated with national history, became the "history book of architecture", and occupied the center of cultural and national identity for a long time, and finally became the realm of memory that affects national emotions today.