本文以民国初年北京地区销量最高、社会影响力最强的白话小报《群强报》为研究对象，选取代表性事件，考察小报的立场与观点，探究报人的群体特质，剖析地方小报与北京近代文化演变之间错综复杂的互动关系。

民国初年的北京经历了剧烈的社会变动，纷繁复杂的时局对报界的发展产生了巨大影响。1913年主编陆泽在接手《群强报》后，主动接续了由清末北京著名白话报《京话日报》所开创的，将底层民众作为直接对象，以地方小报为核心媒介，在报人的引导和教育下逐步实现下层启蒙的策略。以陆泽、杨曼青、乌泽声为代表的报人一方面从自己的人生履历与政治经验出发来观察诸如第一次世界大战、巴黎和会、五四运动等重大政治事件。另一方面从自己对北京社会的亲身感受出发去探讨诸如国货振兴、社会贫困、恶性犯罪等社会议题。在北洋政府严格的新闻管制政策下，他们既勇于站在普通民众的立场上去监督政府行为，也固守相对温和的政治立场，展现出北京小报独特的生存策略和报人复杂的观念世界。

本文主要从四个方面展开分析。第一部分对《群强报》的创办时间、流转历程、板块布局、内容设置、发行和阅读等基本情况进行详细考证，并且从该报对北洋政府总理熊希龄“热河宫物案”的报道入手，分析小报报人与政府官员的私人交往。在第二部分中，笔者主要关注《群强报》对第一次世界大战、巴黎和会和五四运动的舆论观察，揭示小报报人独特的视角。第一次世界大战爆发后，与五四知识分子主要从抽象的政治理论出发来理解国际局势不同，陆泽、杨曼青等小报主笔从自身的政治经验与生活阅历出发来解读纷繁复杂的欧洲战局，密切关注着局势变化对北京社会的影响。在五四运动期间，《群强报》并不看好这场由青年学生发起的“校园政治”，对高校师生们所从事的抽象的政治与文化讨论兴味索然。当学生们发动的抵制日货运动危及到商人们的切身利益时，小报报人从自己的社会经验出发，为运动提供具体的行动目标与实际的组织手段。在第三部分中，笔者主要关注《群强报》的社会书写。在纷繁复杂的商业新闻中，该报持续关注着国货问题。几位主笔从自己对北京市场的细致观察出发，反思实业衰弱的主要原因，思考国货振兴的可行策略，并对商家和消费者展开产销国货的爱国教育。作为一份地方小报，《群强报》报道了大量未经证实的犯罪新闻，并且对京师警察厅试图规范新闻报道的命令置之不理，展现出报人、京师警察厅和读者之间微妙的互动关系。面对民国初年北京日益严峻的贫困问题，小报报人一方面呼吁政府加强社会救济，一方面在字里行间表达出对底层民众的真切关怀与悉心教导。得益于北京民众对京剧的热爱以及陆泽、杨曼青等报人与戏剧界人士深厚的私谊，《群强报》成为当时北京最具影响力的戏报。在第四部分中，笔者主要关注以《群强报》报人为代表的北京地方文化精英的群体特质。他们由留日归国的旅京立宪派和土生土长的老北京人组成。在政治观念上，地方文化精英们认同并拥护维新改良，反对暴力革命和“校园政治”，强调对国家权威乃至君上大权的尊崇。在社会观念上，他们对新生事物保持着一种温和开通的态度。从观察社会的视角上看，旅京立宪派主要从北京社会入手，对全国性问题展开深入思考。而对于老北京人来说，这座城市才是他们内心的最终归宿。

通过对《群强报》的个案分析，不仅可以丰富学界对于民国初年北京报刊史，特别是地方小报史的研究，还能够加深对于近代北京基层社会发展和地方文化演变的整体认识。

This paper takes the tabloid newspaper Qunqiangbao（《群强报》）, which had the highest sales volume and the strongest social influence in the early years of the Republic of Beijing, as the research object, selects representative events, examines the standpoint and views of tabloid newspapers, probes into the group characteristics of reporters, and analyzes the complex interaction between local tabloid newspapers and the evolution of Beijing modern culture.

In the early years of the Republic, Beijing underwent drastic social changes, and the complicated situation had a great impact on the development of the press. In 1913, the editor-in-chief, Lu Ze（陆泽）, after taking over the Qunqiang Bao, took the initiative to continue the strategy of enlightening the lower class by taking the local tabloids as the core media and under the guidance and education of the newspaper people. On the one hand, journalists such as Lu Ze, Yang Manqing（杨曼青）, and Wu Zesheng（乌泽声）observed major political events such as the First World War, the Paris Peace Society, and the May 4th Movement from their personal and political experience. On the other hand, from their own personal feelings of Beijing society to explore such as domestic revitalization, social poverty, vicious crime, and other social issues. Under the strict news control policy of the Beiyang government, they dared to monitor the government's behavior from the standpoint of ordinary people, but also stuck to the relatively moderate political standpoint, showing the unique survival strategy of the Beijing tabloid newspaper and the complex and pluralistic concept of the newspaper.

This article mainly launches the analysis from four aspects. The first part makes research on the founding time, circulation process, plate layout, content setting, distribution and reading of Qunqiangbao, and analyzes the private contacts between the tabloid newspaper and the government officials. In the second part, the author mainly focuses on the public opinion observation of Qunqiangbao on the First World War, the Paris Peace Society, and the May 4th Movement. After the outbreak of the First World War, Lu Ze, Yang Manqing and other tabloids interpreted the complicated European war situation from their own political experience and life experience, and paid close attention to the impact of the change of situation on Beijing society. During the May 4th Movement, Qunqiangbao was not optimistic about the "campus politics" initiated by young students, and was not interested in the abstract cultural discussions between teachers and students in universities. When the boycott of Japanese goods affected people's vital interests, they tried to provide concrete action goals and practical organization means for the movement from the perceptual experience of Beijing society. In the third part, the author focuses on the social writing of Qunqiangbao. Amid the complexity of business news, the paper continues to focus on the domestic product issue. Based on their own careful observation of the Beijing market, the authors reflect on the main reasons for the decline of industry, think about the feasible strategies for the revitalization of domestic products, and carry out patriotic education of domestic products for businesses and consumers. As a local tabloid, Qunqiangbao covers a large amount of unverified crime news and ignores orders from the Metropolitan Police to regulate news reporting, revealing the delicate interaction between the newspaper, the Metropolitan Police Hall and its readers. Faced with the increasing poverty in Beijing in the early years of the Republic, the tabloid journalists appealed to the government to strengthen social relief and expressed their sincere concern and careful teaching to the people at the bottom of the street. Benefit from people's love for Peking Opera and the close personal friendship between Lu Ze, Yang Manqing and other people in the field of drama, Qunqiangbao became the most influential drama newspaper in Beijing at that time, showing the unique charm of Beijing culture. In the fourth part, the author mainly focuses on the group characteristics of Beijing local cultural elite represented by Qunqiangbao. They are mainly composed of the constitutionalists who have returned from studying in Japan and the “Old Beijingers” who were born and raised there. Politically, the local cultural elites agreed and supported the reform and improvement, opposed to violent revolution and campus politics, and emphasized the respect for the state authority and even the sovereign power. In the social concept, they maintain a moderate and open attitude towards new things. In the perspective of observing the society, the Constitutionalists in Beijing mainly started with the society of Beijing and started to think deeply about the national issues. As for the “Old Beijingers”, Beijing is their final home.

By analyzing the case of Qunqiangbao, we can not only enrich the academic research on the history of Beijing newspapers and periodicals, especially the history of local tabloids, but also deepen the overall understanding of the social development and local cultural evolution of modern Beijing.