为了了解职业教育体系未来的可能走向，需要我们更加明白国家技能形成体系的构成要素，政府、市场、企业等在职业教育体系中所能发挥的作用及其对职业教育体系走向的影响等。因此，本文意在梳理国际上关于技能形成研究的最新成果，分析不同国家技能形成体系的差异，总结现代国家技能形成体系构成要素及其关系，认为其基本特征为“集体合作、内部协调”。最后结合我国情况，总结对我国职业教育发展的启示。本文中，笔者围绕以下两个方面分析了国家技能形成体系：一是学校和企业，二是国家和市场。将学校和企业视为一个整体有利于通过研究二者在促进高技能形成过程中的互动关系，有利于研究高技能形成的一般规律。研究国家和市场的互动关系，有利于认识不同的教育政策和劳动力市场政策对这一体系的影响，以及不同国家不同的制度体系是否有利于高技能的形成。本文从技能的获得、形成和应用角度探讨了国家技能形成的构成要素，并从技能形成体系与经济社会制度的关系、技能形成体系与技能市场的关系、技能形成体系内部利益相关方的关系建立起国家技能形成体系的基本分析框架。其次，在对德国、英国、法国、美国、荷兰等国技能形成体系总结的基础上，本文通过分析不同国家技能形成体系外部因素之间的互动关系，理解不同制度之间差异的根源，这些外部因素包括资本市场、资本、市场经济发展模式、经济竞争中的比较优势、生产组织形式、劳动力市场秩序等，认为这些差异影响了技能形成体系的基本模式。通过分析技能形成体系内部因素之间的互动关系，理解技能的供求匹配，得出何种技能市场有利于避免技能市场中的短期现象，以及持续的高技能市场的共同特征，这些内部因素包括学校职业教育的发展、企业投入和参与度、学校接受政府投入的形式、技能培训的投入形式、职业教育和普通教育之间的关系，它们的差异影响了技能形成体系的发展路径。结合对各国技能形成体系的分析，本文认为各国技能形成体系存在较大差异，但是在促进高技能形成方面，这些国家所做的努力及成功的经验均有一定的共同之处。第一，高技能社会必须有一个集体合作的制度基础，集体合作包括政府、社会合作者、企业等构成要素之间的良好合作伙伴关系；第二，高技能形成依靠一个内部协调的技能形成体系，这个体系的内部协调包括利益集团的利益协调、政府的调控作用、长期的可信承诺关系等。通过对现代国家技能形成体系责任分担的认识，厘清各要素的责任和义务，通过建立利益结构模型和建立利益联盟的方式，对各利益相关方的利益结构进行分配并达到均衡。在责任明确、利益分配合理的前提下，论述现代国家技能形成体系不同行为主体的决策需求和合作伙伴关系的形成。最后，在对我国职业教育发展的启示上，本文首先分析了我国职业教育发展的现状及问题，并总结了近年来我国职业教育发展困境的根本原因。本文认为，我国职业教育需要调和的矛盾包括职业教育体制和企业生产体制之间的矛盾、企业需要与职业学校培养目标之间的矛盾、企业生产和个人技能提升需要之间的矛盾等。在解决这些问题方面，笔者从政府和市场的协调以及学校和企业的互动关系上加以进一步分析，在政府和市场的角度，为适应我国经济转型升级的需要，职业教育发展困境的改善应以实现高技能社会为目标。在企业和学校方面，本文提出深化校企合作和产教融合创新是形成高技能社会的必由途径，并提出构建促进技能形成的产教融合制度的建议。

To understand the future development of the vocational education system, we should have a clear cognition about the national skill formation system including the structure and the factor in this system, and the functions of government, market, firms in the vocational education system which are influencing the future trends of the VET system. This research firstly reviewed the studies about skill formation system (SFS) in advanced industrialized countries, figured out the diversity between them and the important factors. This thesis point out the basic characteristic of modern national skill formation system as collective action and internal coordinated. After the author investigated the national SFS in China and conclude with suggestions about VET policies which promote the formation of skills.Firstly, this thesis divide the analysis of national skill formation system as two parts, one is school and firm, another is nation and market. In the interrelationship, they are coordinated instead of independent. This paper have investigated the latest development of research about SFS, then the author try to develop a research framework of national SFS including the relationship between SFS and social economy, skill market and VET policies. Secondly, based on the comparative research about SFS of Germany, British, France, the US and Netherland, this paper tried to explain the source of the diversity between these countries. It was concluded as two parts, the external factors including capital market, social-economic regime, and comparative advantage in global market, production regime and the rules in the labor market, which are forcing the model of SFS, the internal factors including school VET system, private sector involvement, form of public investment, workplace learning, and the relationship between the VET system and general education system, which are influencing the development approach of SFS.It exists distinct diversity on SFS between different countries, while there is no denying that they had something significant in common, one is that the high skill economy have a basis of a collective institutional system including a coordinate partnership between government, social partners and firms. The other is that the high skill economy have a basis of internal coordinated SFS including interest coordination mechanism and a long-term commitment. This paper argues that the modern skill formation system with the characteristic of collective action and internal coordinated.Finally, this thesis argues that school-firm corporation and education-industry fusion is the only road for a high skill economy. Based on the analysis on vocational education development in China, this thesis concluded the reason of the dilemma in developing a high skill economy. From the perspective of government and market relationship, the reform of vocational education should aim at a high skill society. From the perspective of school and firm relationship, this thesis proposed six suggestions on the formation of institution of education-industry fusion.