近年来，学校安全事故及其所引发的纠纷既影响了学校正常的教育教学秩序，又侵害了在校学生的生命健康权，有碍于其受教育权的顺利实现。探查学校安全事故频发的原因，可以看出是由于学校安全义务主体体系不完善造成的，即缺乏相关一些义务主体，且各主体义务规定不清晰，以致法律责任规定也不明确。受教育权既是《世界人权宣言》等国际法文件确认和保障的一项社会基本权利，也是大多数国家宪法规定的权利。我国1982年《宪法》第四十六条第一款规定：“中华人民共和国公民有受教育的权利和义务”。而保障在校学生的安全性是受教育权实现的前提条件，因此本文从受教育权的安全性出发，提出要保障学生的安全受教育权的实现，需要从权利的相对方——义务主体出发，通过分析在校学生和相关人员与部门的法律关系，认为在校学生的安全是包括政府、学校、家庭、教师、社区、社会、第三方义务主体等在内的共同责任。美国有关学校安全义务主体的立法规定了在校学生的安全包括有联邦政府、各州政府、学区、学校、教师、校园警察系统、社区等的共同责任，同时还有强大的民间机构负责学校安全的机构——安全服务署，同时对各主体的义务方面做了详细而具体的规定，形成了立体化的义务主体体系；而我国有关学校安全事务的法律规定中存在诸多问题：相关法律缺乏对学校安全的义务主体的相关规定，如第三方义务主体；某些主体的义务规定过于笼统，缺乏具体性；含混不清和立法空白的地方比比皆是，尤其缺乏行为规范中的后果要素，也就是法律责任的规定，造成义务主体不履行或怠于履行其义务；缺少对追究和监督机制的规定。在以上研究的基础上，考虑我国国情的各种基本特点，为了更好地解决我国学校安全的义务主体体系中的问题，建议在今后的学校安全事务中逐渐引入“第三方义务主体”（ 所谓第三方义务主体是指在学校安全事务中，让不与学校安全有直接利益关系的第三方参与承担学校安全事务的责任）和社区，丰富完善我国有关学校安全义务主体的体系；并明晰各相关义务主体的具体义务和法律责任，使其各司其职，有效保障学生受教育权的实现，并且有利于促进学校安全事务的权责相对，便于监督，明确相关投入的使用，形成高效且专业的学校安全保障机制。

During the past several years, the school safety accidents in primary and secondary education period have not only arisen more and more attention from people in all fields but also have great influence on the regular school education and teaching, infringe the students’ right such as life and health, the right to be educated. By analyzing the reasons behind, it comes to a conclusion that so many from the law perspective are that the main obligations or legal duties are not clear and school management is very poor…. The right to be educated is not only a basic right written in World Declaration of Human Rights but also is the a basic constitutional right in many countries. In 1982 Chinese Constitution, the first paragraph of Article 46 is: "Citizens of the People's Republic of China have the right to be educated ". Protecting the students’ safety in school is a prerequisite for the right to be educated. Starting from the right to be educated safely, the essay proposes that to protect the safety of students the right to be educated, from the point of view -the relative side - the main obligation subjects, by analyzing the legal relationship between the students and relevant staff and departments, and that the safety of students, including government, schools, families, teachers, third-party obligations of the principal, community, other government departments, social shared responsibility.School safety obligations main U.S. legislation provides for the safety of the students, including the common responsibility of the federal government, state governments, school districts, schools, teachers, campus police system, community, etc., as well as strong institutions of civil responsibility for school safety- Security Department, the main obligations detailed and specific provisions, the formation of the main obligations of the three-dimensional system; China's law on school security affairs, there are many problems: lack of relevant laws on school safety the relevant provisions of the obligations of the main, such as third-party obligations subject; some of the main obligation is too general, the lack of specific; ambiguities and legislative gaps abound, especially the lack of consequences of elements in the code of conduct, which is the legal responsibility provisions, resulting in the obligations of the principal fails to perform or fail to comply with its obligations; the lack of provisions for accountability and oversight mechanisms.On the basis of the above studies, consider the basic characteristics of China's national conditions, in order to better solve the problem of school safety obligations in the main system, it is recommended that school security affairs in the future gradual introduction of "third-party obligations subject" (so-called third-party obligations subject is school security affairs, do not assume the responsibility of school security affairs) and the community have a direct interest in third-party involvement and school safety, rich sound of the main obligations of school safety system; and clear to all relevant specific obligations and legal responsibilities of the main obligations to carry out their duties, effectively guaranteeing students the right to education, and are conducive to the promotion of school safety matters relative powers and responsibilities, to facilitate supervision, clearly related to the use of inputs, the formation of an efficient and professional school security mechanism.