儿童行为问题影响儿童的学习，情绪和社会活动，对儿童成长和发展非常不利，家长对儿童行为问题也越来越关注。从儿童行为问题出发，改善父母教养行为，以促进儿童行为的健康发展。因此，本研究将主要探讨儿童行为问题现状和父母教养行为现状及两者的关系，为一线社会工作者制定服务方案提供依据，为解决家庭教育问题提供思路。 本次研究主要采用问卷调查的方法，收集了1273份问卷，主要调查了儿童行为问题和父母教养行为，主要的测量工具有艾伯格儿童行为量表（ECBI）和简式父母教养方式问卷（s-EMBU-c）。调研的数据结果表明：（1）艾伯格儿童行为量表的信度（Cronbach’s Alpha=0.959）良好。（2）儿童较为突出的行为问题是注意力问题、磨蹭问题、自我为中心问题和礼仪问题。（3）男孩行为问题的数量和程度显著高于女孩，1-3年级和7-9年级儿童行为问题数量和程度高于4-6年级儿童。（4）儿童居住地区、父母职业、父母受教育程度、父母婚姻状况和主干家庭结构对儿童行为问题没有显著影响。（5）城市的父母教养行为-情感温暖得分显著高于农村父母；与26-35岁父母相比，其他年龄段父母教养行为-过度保护得分高；教师和工人比农民在教养行为上情感温暖得分更高。父母受教育程度为本科的父母比初中及以下的父母教养行为-情感温暖得分高。家庭收入4000-6000元的家庭比2000元以下的家庭父母教养行为情感温暖得分更高。（6）父亲和母亲的教养行为没有显著差别，父母婚姻状况和主干家庭结构与父母教养行为没有显著差异。（7）儿童行为问题与父母教养行为-情感温暖显著负相关，父母情感温暖的教养行为得分越高，儿童行为问题个数越少，行为问题程度越轻。（8）儿童行为问题与父母教养行为-拒绝和过度保护显著正相关，父母拒绝和过度保护的教养行为得分越高，儿童行为问题个数越多，行为问题程度越严重。 根据研究结果，对于社会工作者介入儿童行为问题矫正提出以下建议：（1）完善儿童行为治疗的需求和效果评估工具；（2）聚焦家长关注的四类儿童行为问题，编制有社会工作特色的循证干预方案；（3）关注低年级儿童行为问题，对低年级儿童父母开展行为训练小组；（4）探索学校社工父母教养行为服务模式，运用社工方法调动德育组老师资源，提升服务能力；（5）发挥社会工作方法优势，优化家校合作平台；（6）开展社区活动，传播科学的父母教养行为技术。

Children's behavioral problems affect children's learning, emotions and social activities. They are detrimental to the growth and development of children. Parents also pay more and more attention to children's behavioral problems. Starting from this point, improvements made in parents' rearing behaviors may promote a healthy development of children's behaviors. This study will mainly discuss the current situation of children's behavioral problems, the status of parental rearing behaviors and the relationship between the two, and therefore provide supports for first-line social workers to make service plans and provide ideas for parents to solve family education problems. This study was conducted through questionnaires in which 1273 of them were recalled. It mainly investigates children's behavioral problems and parental rearing behaviors. Main measurement tools are the Eyber Children's Behavior Inventory (ECBI) scale and Simple Parenting Style Questionnaire (s -EMBU-c). The data from the survey shows that: (1) The reliability of the Eyber Children's Behavior inventory (ECBI) scale (Cronbach’s Alpha=0.959) is good. (2) The more prominent behavioral problems of children are attention, procrastination, self-centeredness and manners. (3) The number and extent of boys' behavior problems are significantly higher than those of girls, and the number of behavior problems of grades 1-3 and grades 7-9 children is higher than that of grades 4-6. (4) Children's area of residence, parents’ occupation, parents’ education, parents' marital status, and family structure have no significant effect on children's behavior problems. (5) In the aspect of emotional warmth, the data of parental rearing behaviors in the city show a higher score than that of rural parents. In the score of over-protection, compared with the parents aged 26-35, the parental rearing behaviors of other age groups is higher. Parents working as teachers and workers are more emotionally warmer than those as farmers in parenting behaviors. Parents whose educational levels are above college graduates have higher scores in emotional warmth than those with lower degree of education. Families with income up to 4,000-6,000 yuan per month score higher than parents below 2,000 yuan in term of emotional warmth. (6) There were no significant differences in parental behaviors between mother and father and parental rearing behaviors are not significantly affected by parental marital status and family structures. (7) Children's behavioral problems were negatively correlated with one aspect of parental rearing behaviors-emotional warmth. The higher score got in the parental emotional warmth, the smaller number children's behavioral problems is and the lower score got in the behavioral problems. (8) Children's behavioral problems are positively correlated with parental rearing behaviors in aspect of rejection and over-protection. The higher score got in refusal and overprotective parenting behaviors, the bigger the number of children's behavioral problems is, and the higher score got in behavioral problems. According to the research results, the following suggestions are proposed for social workers involved in children's behavior problems: (1) Improve the needs and effectiveness assessment tools for children's behavioral treatment; (2) Focus on the four types of children's behavioral problems that are of concern to parents and develop evidence-based intervention programs with social worker ; (3) Pay attention to lower-grade children's behavioral problems, Grade 4 children's parents conduct behavioral training group; (4) explore the school social worker's parenting behavior service model, use social worker methods to mobilize the moral education group teachers resources, and enhance service capabilities; (5) give full play to the advantages of social work methods and optimize home-school cooperation platform; (6) )Launch community activities and disseminate scientific parenting behavioral techniques.