2020年《刑法修正案（十一）》出台，将刑事责任年龄下调，回应了社会对低龄未成年人暴力犯罪问题的关注，然而根据少年司法循环理论和保护处分理论，构建完善的少年保护处分制度才是预防和减少未成年人犯罪问题的根本途径。我国罪错未成年人处遇措施经过三十多年的发展取得了一定的成就，但仍存在着缺乏体系化立法，缺乏司法审查制度、处遇实践中存在制度空缺等问题，因此应当加快《未成年人保护法》和《预防未成年人犯罪法》立法上的衔接和制度实施上的细化，从构建体系化的少年司法法、设立司法化审查程序、完善社会矫治制度、加快公检法专门部门的构建几个方面构建我国的保护处分制度。

The introduction of the Criminal Law Amendment (XI) in 2020, which lowered the age of criminal responsibility, responded to the social concern about the problem of violent crimes committed by underage minors, however, according to the theory of “the Cycle of Juvenile Justice” and “Protective Disposition”, the construction of a perfect juvenile protective disposition system is the fundamental way to prevent and reduce the problem of juvenile delinquency. After more than 30 years of development, the treatment measures for criminal minors in China have made certain achievements, but there are still problems such as lack of systematic legislation, lack of judicial review system, and institutional gaps in treatment practice. Therefore, in order to construct the protective sanction system in China, it is necessary to speed up the legislative convergence between the Law on the Protection of Minors and the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency, refine the implementation of the system, construct a systematic juvenile justice law, establish a judicial review, improve the social correction system and establish the special departments in judicial system.