蚂蚁是地球上物种最丰富、进化较为成功的昆虫类群之一。蚂蚁可以为植物传粉，传播植物的种子，改善土壤质量，对生态平衡和环境保护发挥着重要作用。最近的研究发现蚂蚁在其进化过程中与许多微生物结为共生伙伴，其中几类微生物是特异且古老的共生微生物，这些特殊微生物在蚂蚁的营养生态中扮演者重要的角色。除了这些有益且特殊的微生物外，蚂蚁体内还生活着一类广泛存在的微生物——沃尔巴克氏体。尽管目前的研究很少可以通过操控性实验探究沃尔巴克氏体对蚂蚁宿主生命活动的影响，但可以通过系统探究沃尔巴克氏体在蚂蚁类群中的分布和演化，帮助研究者了解蚂蚁与这类微生物之间的相互作用。然而，人们对沃尔巴克氏体在中国地区蚂蚁类群中分布情况的了解非常有限。因此，本研究在云南省、海南省、湖南省、江西省地区采集了248管样品，这些样品经形态鉴定与PCR扩增目的基因COI进行分子鉴定后，发现这些样品隶属于6个亚科，21个属和60个种，包括41个已知种和19个未知种。从每个种中选取一只蚂蚁、未鉴定到种的蚂蚁中每个属中选取一只蚂蚁，未鉴定到属的蚂蚁中每个蚁穴选取一只蚂蚁，总共78个样品。将78个样品进行了PCR扩增wsp基因并进行电泳后，78个样品中有24个样品发现感染了沃尔巴克氏体，将感染了沃尔巴克氏体的样品送去测序，其中获得了15个样品的wsp基因序列，通过BLAST分析和构建系统发育树可得知这15个样品的沃尔巴克氏体均为A型菌株，并且与蚂蚁的特异性并不显著。

Ants are one of the most diverse and evolutionarily successful insect on Earth. Ants can pollinate plants, spread plant seeds, improve soil quality, and play an important role in ecological balance and environmental protection. Recent studies have found that ants have formed symbiotic partners with many microorganisms during their evolution, several of which are special and ancient symbiotic microorganisms that play an important role in the ant's vegetative ecology. In addition to these helpful and special microbes, ants are also host to a widespread group of microbes called Wolbachia. Although few current studies can explore the effects of Wolbachia on the life activities of the ant host through manipulative experiments, it is possible to systematically explore the distribution and evolution of Wolbachia in the ant group to help researchers understand the interaction between ants and such microorganisms. However, the distribution of Wolbachia in ant groups in China is very limited. Therefore, in this study, 248 tubes of samples were collected from Yunnan, Hainan, Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. After morphological identification and molecular identification of the target gene COI amplified by PCR, the samples were found to belong to 6 subfamilies, 21 genera and 60 species, including 41 known species and 19 unknown species. One ant was selected from each species, one ant from each genus of unidentified ants, and one ant from each nest of unidentified ants. A total of 78 samples were collected. After PCR amplification of wsp gene in 78 samples and electrophoresis, 24 of the 78 samples were found to be infected with Wolbachia. The Wolbachia-infected samples were sent for sequencing, and the wsp gene sequences of 15 samples were obtained. Through BLAST analysis and phylogenetic tree construction, it was found that Wolbachia strains of the 15 samples were all type A strains, and the specificity with ants was not significant.