中文题名: | 城市化对中国儿童青少年心理健康的影响:基于GIS信息多维指标的分析 |
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保密级别: | 公开 |
论文语种: | 中文 |
学科代码: | 04020003 |
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学生类型: | 硕士 |
学位: | 教育学硕士 |
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学位年度: | 2021 |
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提交日期: | 2021-06-17 |
答辩日期: | 2021-06-09 |
外文题名: | THE ROLES OF URBANICITY IN CHINESE CHILD AND ADOLESCENT MENTAL HEALTH: ANALYSIS BASED ON MULTIDIMENSIONAL GIS INDICES AND A NATIONAL REPRESENTATIVE DATA |
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中文摘要: |
我国正在经历快速城市化带来的巨大社会变迁,这一社会宏观变化可能对我国儿童青少年的心理健康产生广泛而深远的影响。在英国、美国等先发工业化高收入国家中,城市化一直被认为是心理健康的高危因素。然而,随着广大中低收入国家快速城市化,城市化作为心理健康高危因素的假设正面临严峻挑战。已有研究通常使用简单的城乡二分法对城市化和心理健康的关系进行研究,鲜少考虑城市化的多维度性,特别是我国有关研究并未区分城乡二元分类和城市化不同维度连续变化带来的影响。同时,研究较多集中于成年人,对儿童青少年实证研究较少,特别是缺少具有良好全国代表性的研究,并且已有研究以消极问题为主,较少涉及心理健康的积极侧面。为系统理解我国快速城市化背景下儿童青少年心理健康的特点,进而精准促进儿童青少年心理健康、预防心理行为问题,需要系统研究在不同地区、城乡二元背景中城市化不同特征对儿童青少年心理健康及问题的影响。 本研究回顾了城市化作为心理健康高危因素的假设及其挑战,提出借助地理信息系统(Geographic Information System, GIS)提供的城市化多维定量数据,依托具有良好全国、城乡代表性的中国儿童青少年心理发育项目数据,系统探索城市化不同特征对我国4~9年级儿童青少年心理健康的独特影响,并进一步分析我国特殊的城乡二元社会结构的可能调节作用。本研究旨在为科学认识我国快速城市化背景下城市化与儿童青少年心理健康的关系提供新观点、新证据,并为制定发挥城市化积极影响、防控消极影响的儿童青少年心理健康教育策略提供实践证据。 我们首先获取了中国儿童青少年心理发育特征调查所取样24013名4~9年级儿童青少年所在100个区县607所学校的确切地理位置,进一步获得地理信息系统提供的2000米内人口密度、夜间灯光强度、公用建筑覆盖率和非农业用途绿地面积这四个城市化定量特征。采用系列多水平模型,我们系统分析了上述城市化四个定量特征对儿童青少年积极、消极情绪倾向和行为(抑郁倾向、焦虑倾向、孤独感、生活满意度、攻击行为、亲社会行为)的影响,并进一步探讨了城乡二元分类的调节作用。在中国儿童青少年心理发育特征调查中,上述六类心理健康特征所采用测量工具内部一致性系数均高于0.78。 研究结果表明,(1)我国4~9年级儿童青少年抑郁倾向、焦虑倾向、孤独感、生活满意度、攻击行为、亲社会行为中,分别有5.7%、7.5%、8.1%、10.4%、5.1%、10.9%的变异来自学校层面,因而对学校层城市化特征的影响进行研究具有意义;(2)在控制个体基本人口学特征、其他心理健康特征、家庭和学校层面的社会经济地位、其它城市化定量特征的影响后,更高的人口密度伴随着更高的抑郁倾向。城乡分类具有显著调节作用,高人口密度在城市中预测儿童更高的抑郁倾向,而在农村预测儿童更低的抑郁倾向。(3)无论在城市还是在农村,高人口密度预测更低的生活满意度、高公用建筑覆盖率预测更低的抑郁倾向、而高非农业用途绿地面积预测更低生活满意度和更多攻击行为。(4)夜间灯光强度与儿童青少年心理健康各项指标没有显著的直接关联。(5)城市化各项定量特征对儿童青少年焦虑倾向、孤独感、亲社会行为没有显著的独立预测作用。 综上所述,地理信息系统所定量城市化在人口密度、高公用建筑覆盖率和高非农业用途绿地面积对儿童青少年抑郁倾向、生活满意度和攻击行为有独立预测作用,提示人口密度和用地类别是影响儿童心理健康的重要城市化特征,且抑郁、生活满意度和攻击行为可能是对城市化敏感的心理健康指标。本研究首次系统揭示了人口密度这一特征在我国城、乡对儿童青少年抑郁倾向的影响有显著差异。上述研究结果对于认识城市化与儿童青少年心理健康的关系具有重要启发,并有助于制定具体、有针对性的心理健康教育对策,促进城乡儿童青少年心理健康。 |
外文摘要: |
The rapid urbanization has brought tremendous social changes which may have a broad and far-reaching impact on mental health of Chinese children and adolescents. In the first industrialized high-income countries, such as the UK and the United States, urbanization has always been regarded as a high-risk factor for mental health. However, with the rapid urbanization of low- and middle-income countries, the assumption that urbanization is a high-risk factor for mental health is facing severe challenges. Existing studies usually use a simple urban-rural dichotomy to identify urbanicity when investigating the relationship between urbanicity and mental health. Not considering the multi-dimensional characteristic of urbanicity tends to limit the understanding of the effects of urbanicity on child and adolescent mental health. Particularly, in China, researchers seldom distinguish between effects of urban-rural dichotomy and continuous changes of urban characteristics. Meanwhile, researches focus more on adults rather than children and adolescents owing to a lack of nationally representative data. Besides, existing researches tend to attach more importance to mental problems than mental health. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically explore the unique effects of different aspects of urbanicity on mental health of children and adolescents in grades 4~9 in China. It also distinguished the urban-rural classification with urbanicity indicators, and further examined the urban-rural differences of effects of different aspects of urbanicity.
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This study used the national representative data from the National Children’s Study of China (NCSC) and collected GIS data in 2009 to answer the research questions. 24013 school children in grades 4 through 9 of 607 schools from 100 countries among 31 provinces in China reported their mental health condition. We collected exact locations of all schools, and further downloaded data of four school-level continuous urbanicity indicators, including population density, nightlight, urban and build-up%, and non-agricultural green space, which were GIS data within a buffer of 2 km for each school address. We chose six mental health outcomes from children self-reported data to measure different aspects of mental health consisted of emotions and behaviors which were positive or negative: depression, anxiety, loneliness, life satisfaction, aggressive behavior, and prosocial behavior. Multilevel analysis was used to investigate the effects of four urban characteristics on six child and adolescent mental health indexes. Results showed: (1) For Chinese children and adolescents in grades 4~9, variances among schools on depression (5.7%), anxiety (7.5%), loneliness (8.1%), life satisfaction (10.4%), aggressive behavior (5.1%), and prosocial behavior (10.9%) were considerable; (2) After controlling for individual characteristics, effects of other mental health outcomes, family and school SES, and relationship between other urbanicity indexes and other mental health, population density significantly predicted more depression among urban children, and less depression among rural children. (3) For both urban and rural children, population density significantly predicted less life satisfaction, and urban and build-up% predicted less depression. Besides, non-agricultural green space significantly predicted less life satisfaction and more aggressive behavior. (4) Nightlight had no direct effect on child and adolescent mental health. (5) The four urban continuous characteristics did not have independent effects on child and adolescent anxiety, loneliness, and prosocial behavior. In summary, based on GIS data, population density, urban and built-up%, non-agricultural green space had independent effects on child and adolescent depression, life satisfaction and aggressive behavior. This indicates that population density and land use are important urban characteristics contributing to children mental health development, and that depression, life satisfaction and aggressive behavior are sensitive to urbanization. For the first time, this study systematically revealed that there existed urban-rural differences in the effects of population density on child and adolescent depression. The results have important inspiration for understanding the relationship between urbanization and child and adolescent mental health. This helps to formulate specific and targeted mental health education strategies, in order to promote urban-rural children and adolescent mental health. |
参考文献总数: | 85 |
馆藏号: | 硕040200-03/21016 |
开放日期: | 2022-06-17 |