本文在共时层面上对“来/去 + VP”结构进行了分类比较研究。以北大语料库语料为基础，运用焦点理论、主观性理论、韵律句法等理论分析研究了“来/去 + VP”结构。首先以是否具备[+移动义]为标准划分“实义来/去 + VP”和“虚化来/去 + VP”，在“施事 +来/去 + VP”结构中，用[±移动义]和变换分析法比较，认为“施事 +来+ VP”和“施事 +去 + VP”有差别，把“施事 +去 + VP”归入“实义来/去 + VP”。根据“虚化来/去 + VP”结构前的成分不同把“虚化来/去 + VP”分成“施事+ 虚化来+VP”、“VP +虚化来/去 +VP”、“PP+ 虚化来/去 +VP”和“AP+ 来/去 +VP”。从语用的角度探讨了“虚化来/去 + VP”结构中“来/去”的功能，认为在“施事+ 虚化来+ VP”中“来”起到舒缓语气的作用。当“VP/ PP/ AP +虚化来/去 + VP”结构做述语时，“来/去”是句子的焦点标记，分析了不能使用“来/去”的一些情况并给出解释，发现“来/去”有焦点定位和调整韵律结构的功能；当“VP/ PP/ AP +虚化来/去 +VP”结构做定语、主宾语或插入语时，“来/去”前的成分不再是整个句子的焦点，但就结构内部来看，“来/去”前的成分仍然是整个结构的信息重点，这时“来/去“是结构内部的信息重心标记。当“VP/ PP/ AP +虚化来/去 +VP”结构做插入语时，“去”的使用很少，而“来”则很活跃，并且整个结构趋向于凝固。用语言的主观性理论并参考学者对趋向动词“来”、“去”选择的研究，比较了“来”和“去”的差异，发现VP宾语是代词时“来”、“去”的选择反映了说话时的主观参照点，既有视角因素，也有情感因素。说话人对VP本身的态度也会影响“来”、“去”的选择，持否定、厌恶态度时多选择用“去”。

Based on corpuse of Center for Chinese Linguistics PKU ,guided by the focus theory, subjectivity theories, prosodic syntax theories, this thesis analyses and discusses “Lai/Qu + VP” structure synchronically.Firstly, use [±movement] as a criterion of dividing “notional Lai/Qu + VP” and “grammaticalization Lai/Qu + VP”. Classified the “grammaticalization Lai/Qu + VP” structure according to the prior composition as “agent+ Lai+ VP”, “VP +Lai/Qu +VP”, “PP+ Lai/Qu +VP” and “AP+ Lai/Qu +VP”. There is difference between “agent+ Lai+ VP” and “agent +Qu+ VP” in semantic and transformation analysis, thus, “agent +Qu+ VP” is fell under “notional Lai/Qu + VP” structure. Chapter two discusses the function of “Lai/Qu” in “grammaticalization Lai/Qu + VP” structure in a pragmatic view. “Lai” in “agent+ Lai+ VP” is to ease the mood. When the “VP/PP/AP + grammaticalization Lai/Qu + VP” structure acts as a adnex, “Lai/Qu” is the focus marker of the sentence. We analyze some conditions in which “Lai/Qu” cannot be used and try to give an explanation in focus theory view. “Lai/Qu” plays a role of focus positioning and prosodic structure adjusting in some sentences.When the “VP/PP/AP + grammaticalization Lai/Qu + VP” structure acts as an attribute. object, subject or parenthesis, composition before “Lai/Qu” is not the focus of the whole sentence but the emphasis of the structure. When the “VP/PP/AP + grammaticalization Lai/Qu + VP” structure acts as parenthesis, the using of “Qu” is rare while “Lai” is frequently used. The structure tends to become a whole part. Chapter three compares the difference between “Lai” and “Qu” reference to researchers’ study of tendency verb. When the object of VP is pronoun, the choice of “Lai” and “Qu” reflect the subjective reference point of speaker, including perspective and affect factors. Speaker’s attitudes towards VP action also influence the choice of “Lai” or “Qu”. When speaker has a negative or aversion attitude, “Qu” is often chosen.