“自然”一直是贯穿人类艺术史的创作主题之一，中国早在两汉和魏晋南北朝时期 就出现了以自然为主题进行创作的山水画和花鸟画作品，在文艺复兴时期，艺术家们开 始探索自然界的真实性，并将艺术创作与自然相结合。随着中国古代文学艺术作品对于 自然景物的描写不断发展，“花”等代表自然的符号逐步脱离单纯的自然实体，产生了 诸多彰显民族审美趣味的审美意象，“花园”也成为象征美好诗意的理想生活环境。

“虚拟花园”是以“自然——理想生存之地”为创作主题的数字艺术，数字艺术家 通过计算机技术将自己对自然的感悟转化为一个虚拟花园，让观者可以在其中体验到自 然世界的美丽宁静或者获得一种奇观化自然的新颖体验。这种数字技术与艺术相结合的 创作主题在科技美学思潮和生态审美思潮中来回摇摆，数字艺术家们反思与探索当下以 及未来人与自然的关系和数字空间中自然的地位与重要性，在艺术创作中呼吁自然的回 归和人与自然的和谐共生。“虚拟花园”作为一种新兴的数字艺术创作主题广泛出现于 新媒体装置艺术、3D 巨幕、动态海报、场景设计、游戏和 AI 绘画等多领域，其中以自然 的花与植被为核心视觉元素的 TeamLab 艺术团队打造的新颖交互式、沉浸式的“虚拟花 园”数字艺术作品为典型。

“虚拟花园”成为数字艺术创作热点的成因既包括以数字创作平台的发展与商业的 需要这类现实成因，又包括大众环保意识觉醒和寻求自然疗愈当代精神问题等思想因素。 借用后现代主义思想家对西方科学发展进程的三阶段，追溯“虚拟花园”的审美渊源并 分析其对自然的审美观念：附魅阶段的自然万物有灵观念、祛魅阶段的科技操控自然观 念和复魅阶段逐步走向减少单一奇观化呈现、自然神性回归的观念。呈现出数字化、符 号化、奇观化、理想化的审美特征。将“虚拟花园”作品按照强调自然写实性或是艺术 表现性分类为两种形式流派：拟真自然流派与超自然流派，拟真自然流派的“虚拟花园” 作品多以真实自然为基础，以数字技术为第一影响要素，表现方式多为现实的还原自然 和自然意境的呈现；而超自然流派的“虚拟花园”作品则以艺术表现为第一目的，通过 奇观化自然、超现实自然幻想等形式表现。反思当下中国“虚拟花园”艺术创作呈现出 的作品同质化、程式化；“花”含义符号化、扁平化和虚拟自然被奇观化凝视与被操控 化等问题，通过对自然的复魅和生态审美观念的分析，指引当下“虚拟花园”数字艺术 创作者走出人、科技与自然的对立矛盾，引导“虚拟花园”艺术作品从一味的自然奇观化呈现，走向人、科技与自然和谐共生，有助于对今后以“虚拟花园”为主题的数字艺 术家们进行反思借鉴和参考。

"Nature" has always been one of the creative themes throughout the history of human art. As early as the Han, Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties periods in China, landscape and flower-bird paintings with nature as the main theme appeared. During the Renaissance, artists began to explore the authenticity of the natural world and combined art creation with nature. With the continuous development of descriptions of natural scenery in ancient Chinese literature and art, symbols representing nature, such as "flowers," gradually detached from

simple natural entities and generated numerous aesthetic images that showcased national aesthetic tastes. The "garden" also became a symbol of an ideal living environment with poetic beauty.

"Virtual Garden" is a digital art form with the theme of "Nature - the ideal living space." Digital artists use computer technology to transform their perceptions of nature into a virtual garden, allowing viewers to experience the beautiful tranquility of the natural world or obtain a novel experience of an extraordinary nature. This creative theme, which combines digital technology and art, oscillates between the trends of technological aesthetics and ecological aesthetics. Digital artists reflect on and explore the current and future relationships between humans and nature, as well as the status and importance of nature in digital spaces. They advocate for the return of nature and the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature in art creation. "Virtual Garden," as an emerging digital art theme, appears widely in fields such as new media installation art, 3D giant screens, dynamic posters, scene design, games, and AI painting. Among these, the innovative interactive and immersive "Virtual Garden" digital artworks created by the TeamLab art group, with natural flowers and vegetation as the core visual elements, are typical examples.

The reasons for the "Virtual Garden" becoming a hot spot in digital art creation include both practical factors such as the development of digital creation platforms and commercial needs, as well as ideological factors such as the awakening of public environmental awareness and the pursuit of natural healing for contemporary spiritual issues. Borrowing the ideas of postmodernist thinkers on the three stages of the development of Western science, we can tracethe aesthetic origins of the "Virtual Garden" and analyze its aesthetic concept of nature: the enchantment stage with the belief in the spirituality of all natural things, the disenchantment stage with the idea of controlling nature through technology, and the re-enchantment stage, which gradually moves towards reducing the single extraordinary presentation and the return of the divine nature. This reveals aesthetic characteristics of digitalization, symbolization, extraordinariness, and idealization. "Virtual Garden" works can be classified into two stylistic forms based on their emphasis on natural realism or artistic expressiveness: the simulated nature school and the supernatural school. The simulated nature school's "Virtual Garden" works are mainly based on real nature and are primarily influenced by digital technology, with the modes of expression focusing on the restoration of nature and the presentation of natural artistic conceptions. The supernatural school's "Virtual Garden" works, on the other hand, prioritize artistic expression and employ forms such as extraordinary nature and surreal natural fantasies.Reflecting on the current homogenization and formalization of "Virtual Garden" art creation in China, the issues of the symbolization and flattening of the meaning of "flowers" and the gaze and manipulation of virtual nature are considered. Through the analysis of the re- enchantment of nature and ecological aesthetic concepts, this study aims to guide contemporary "Virtual Garden" digital artists to break away from the opposition between humans, technology, and nature. By leading "Virtual Garden" artworks away from a single focus on the extraordinary presentation of nature and towards the harmonious coexistence of humans, technology, and nature, this study hopes to provide insights and references for future digital artists focusing on the "Virtual Garden" theme.