改革开放以来，我国经济蓬勃发展、社会日益繁华，但是也带来了环境日益恶化的后果。我国是发展中国家，大众对经济增长渴望的意识远远胜过对环境保护的意识，政府在决策时也唯GDP马首是瞻，导致环境污染问题愈演愈烈。面对严峻的环境问题，作为最严厉的一道法律防线，我国刑法立法在惩治环境犯罪方面还存在诸多不足、刑事司法还比较滞后。本文围绕环境犯罪中的典型个罪污染环境罪的相关问题进行讨论，在借鉴前辈学者观点的基础上，提出自己的看法，以期为加强环境的刑法保护问题贡献一份力量。 本论文一共分为三个部分，第一部分主要是对污染环境罪的概述，通过对污染环境罪立法沿革的追本溯源，阐明本罪的立法背景和发展过程；通过对污染环境罪的中外立法的对比研究，总结出可资我国借鉴的有益经验。 第二部分分别从污染环境罪的客体、客观方面、主观方面三个方面分析了本罪在认定中存在的疑难问题。污染环境罪的客体笔者认为是环境权，文中对该观点作了详尽阐述；本罪主观方面的认定一直存在争议，本文对过失说、双重罪过说及故意说深入分析的基础上，认为不论从立法还是司法实践角度来讲，故意说都有其科学性、合理性、可执行性，因而笔者主张故意说的观点；最后，本部分对严格责任原则是否该引入我国立法进行了简要的讨论。 第三部分分别从刑罚配置不完善、主观要件设置不完善、罪名体系不完善、危险犯设置缺失四个层面论述我国环境犯罪刑事立法中存在的缺陷，在此基础上，对症下药，提出完善污染环境罪的几个方面：刑罚配置方面应该更加严苛，罪名体系方面应该增加除水体、大气、土壤之外的其他污染的罪名，明确惩罚危险犯。

Since reform and opening-up, China's economy has developed vigorously and the society has become more and more prosperous, however, leading to consequences of worse environment. Our country is a developing country; the public’s desire for economic growth far outweighs the awareness of environmental protection. Since the Chinese government makes decisions only for GDP, environmental pollution problems grow in intensity. In response to severe environmental problems, the criminal law, as the strictest legal defense, has much to be improved in punishment of environmental crime. Besides, the criminal justice still lags behind. In this paper, the author discussed about problems relating to environmental pollution crime, the typical crime in criminal law, tries to put forward her own view on the basis of senior scholars’ view,so as to contribute her own strength to improve environmental protection of criminal law. This thesis is divided into three parts altogether, the first part mainly is a general overview of, and the author clarifies the legislation background and development process of the crime by tracing to its source of the legislation of environmental pollution crime. Moreover, the author sums up the useful experience which China can borrow, based on the comparative study of Chinese and foreign legislation of the environmental pollution crime. The second part is about the existing problems in conviction respectively from three aspects of object, objective aspect and subjective aspect of environmental pollution crime. In the author’s point of view, the object of crime is the environment right, which she elaborates in this paper. It has been controversial about the cognizance of subjective aspect of this crime. On the basis of further analysis of the theory of negligence, the theory of double fault and the theory of deliberate intention, the author considers that the theory of deliberate intention has its scientific nature, rationality, enforceability no matter from the angle of legislation or judicial practice, thus the author advocates the theory of deliberate intention. Finally, the author briefly discussed whether the principle of strict liability should be introduced to legislation of China. The third part discusses the defects existing in the environmental criminal legislation in our country, respectively from four levels: the imperfection of penalty configuration, the imperfection of the subjective factor settings, the imperfection of charge system and the lack of the dangerous crimes. The author puts forward some suggestions according to the problems above: the punishment configuration should be more severe, other pollution charges other than water, air, soil should be added to charges system, and the dangerous crimes should be clearly punished.