失独老人是我国政策影响下的特殊老年群体，在我国老龄化社会中越来越受到关注。大多数研究从物质生活、社会生活和精神生活层面着手，对于失独老人自身关注较少。因此，此研究目的是评价小组工作方法对社区失独老人的介入是否能改善干预对象自我和谐程度。 本研究以社会支持理论和增能理论为指导，利用小组工作中的互惠模式引导干预对象建立积极的情感支持和自我认知重塑，评定方法采用定量测量和定性访谈相结合的方式。使用自我和谐量表对干预对象进行基线测量、结局测量和重复测量，所用统计方法为配对样本t检验、单因素重复测量方差分析。 两次测量的结果显示基线测量和结局测量的自我经验的不和谐维度、自我灵活性维度和自我刻板性维度在干预前后存在显著性差异（P<0.001）；三次测量的数据显示在自我与经验的不和谐维度、自我灵活性维度和自我刻板性维度干预前、干预后和重复测量的分值也存在显著性差异（P<0.001）；定性评估采用过程评估、干预对象评估和社会工作者自评的形式，包括活动环节的评估、干预对象的自评、社会工作者自我评估和访谈数据。定量结果和定性评估显示此次干预活动的介入在改善社区失独老人自我和谐程度上具有一定作用。 此次研究结果表明： 1.基于社会支持理论和增能理论的小组工作介入能有效地改善社区失独老人的自我和谐程度，缓解自我矛盾与紧张的状态； 2.互惠模式下的小组工作方法介入到社区失独老人群体中是可行的，改善自我评价，建立情感支持，在生活上更有建设意义。 因此，建议在社区和社会工作机构层面应利用“社+愿”相结合的形式采取小组—个案—小组的形式联合介入到社区失独老人群体中；在社会环境层面营造包容态度，对待失独老人群体应该加强关注和正面舆论宣传；在救助政策上加大力度同时为失独老人建立关爱机制。

The elderly who lost their only child are the special elderly groups under the influence of China’s policies, and there are growing concerns in the aging society. Most research started from the aspects of material life, social life and mental life, but less attention on the self-awareness of the elderly. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the intervention of the group’s work methods for the elderly who lost their only child can improve the degree of self-consistency. This research was based on social support theory and empowerment theory, which used the reciprocal pattern in the group work to guide the participants to establish positive emotional support and self-recognition remodeling. The method of assessment used a combination of quantitative investigation and qualitative interviews. The self-consistency scale was used to do baseline measurements, outcome measurements, and repeated measurements for the interventions. The statistical methods contained paired sample t-test and single-factor repeated measures analysis of variance. The results of two measurements showed that there were significant differences between the self-experience dissonance dimension, the self-flexibility dimension, and the self-stereotypic dimension in baseline measurement and outcome measurement (P<0.001); three measurements data also showed the diversity between the discordant dimension, self-flexibility dimension, and self-stereotypic dimension (P<0.001). Qualitative assessment used the form of process assessment, intervention assessment, and social worker self-assessment, which included the valuation of activity progress, the self-evaluation of the object of intervention, social worker’s assessment, and the interview data. Quantitative results and qualitative assessments showed that the intervention has played a vital role in improving the self-consistency of the elderly who lost their only child in community. The results of this study indicated that: 1、The intervention of group work were based on social support theory and empowerment theory has improved the degree of self-consistency of the elderly in the community and has relieved the self-contradiction as well as tension. 2、It was feasible in the community to use the methods of group work under the reciprocal mode between the groups of the elderly who lost their only child. Using these methods could improve their self-evaluation, establish the emotional support, and be more constructive in life. Therefore, it is recommended that the community and the social work organizations should use the combination of “society + willingness” and take the form of group-case-group to provide services for the deprived elders in the community. Creating an attitude of inclusiveness in social environment that the elderly who lost their only child can be paid more attention and people can be guided with positive public opinion propaganda. Intensifying efforts on the salvation policy and establishing a love care mechanism for the elderly.