追求幸福是人类社会生活的基本目标，人类的一切行为都可以被看作是在追求幸福。幸福倾向是指人们追求幸福过程中的不同动机状态，它主要包括两种倾向——快乐倾向和意义倾向。青少年时期是个体形成自我认同、构建人生目标、探索幸福倾向的关键时期，而父母教养方式为个体追求不同的目标提供了认知、情感和物质上的资源。自我决定理论指出，父母的自主支持和心理控制对青少年的自主发展、目标确立和行为选择起着关键作用。父母的自主支持教养方式指父母理解子女看法，积极支持子女自主能力发展，为子女提供有意义的选择，让子女遵循内在兴趣和价值观成长的教养方式。心理控制教养方式指父母通过诱发内疚、个人攻击、爱的撤回和权威施加等方式来控制子女行为、思考以及感受的教养方式。 通过梳理以往研究文献，本研究假设：(1)父母自主支持正向预测青少年的意义倾向，青少年的基本心理需要满足在这一过程起中介作用；(2)心理控制与快乐倾向的关系尚不确定，本研究提出两种假说：一是“损害说”，父母心理控制负向预测快乐倾向，这一过程为青少年的基本心理需要满足所中介；二是“补偿说”，父母心理控制正向预测快乐倾向，这一过程为青少年的现在取向所中介。 研究1采用问卷测量方法，以高中生为被试(N = 3237, Mage = 16.16, SD = 0.85)，发现在控制了被试性别、年龄后，其父母自主支持与意义倾向呈正相关，父母心理控制与快乐倾向呈正相关，支持了心理控制的“补偿说”。研究2也采用问卷测量方法，进一步扩展被试，在初、高中生(N = 618, Mage = 14.44, SD = 1.59)中验证了上述关系，并考察了基本心理需要满足和现在取向的中介机制，结构方程模型的结果发现，基本心理需要满足是父母自主支持正向预测意义倾向的中介机制，现在取向则中介了父母心理控制与快乐倾向之间的正向关系。研究3通过操纵教养情境的实验方法，将高中生被试(N = 210, Mage = 16.63, SD = 0.57)分配到三种实验条件(自主支持/心理控制/中性)下，由于操纵检验表明，自主支持组与中性组的心理控制、自主支持得分无显著差异，因此将心理控制组作为自主支持组的对照组，结果发现，与心理控制组相比，自主支持组报告了更高水平的基本心理需要满足得分，意义倾向的得分也更高，进一步验证了父母自主支持影响意义倾向的中介机制；但心理控制与快乐倾向的中介模型没有得到再次验证，现在取向的中介作用不成立，但结果依然部分支持了“补偿说”，心理控制组相比于自主支持组，快乐倾向的得分更高。 总之，本研究在自我决定理论的框架下，考察了父母自主支持和心理控制对青少年幸福倾向的影响以及各自的中介机制，通过3个研究(总样本量N = 4065)，结合问卷测量法与实验操纵法，发现(1)父母自主支持通过基本心理需要满足正向预测青少年的意义倾向；(2)父母心理控制通过现在取向正向预测青少年的快乐倾向。 本研究的意义在于首次探讨了父母自主支持和心理控制的教养方式对青少年幸福倾向的作用，并指出了其中的作用机制，丰富了自我决定理论在积极心理学领域的研究。研究结果有助于指导青少年追求并获得幸福，为父母教养方式的改善提供切实可行的建议。未来可开展追踪研究、完善父母教养方式的操纵等，进一步探讨父母自主支持与心理控制的教养方式对青少年幸福倾向形成及发展的影响。

Pursuing happiness is the ultimate goal of human beings, people aim to improve their well-being through numerous ways. Orientations to happiness refer to the motives of striving for happiness, including pleasure orientation and meaning orientation. Adolescence is a critical period for individuals to develop self-identity, design life goals and form their use of orientations to happiness. Parents provide emotional, cognitive, and monetary resources for adolescents to pursue life goals. Self-Determination Theory (SDT) has proposed two parenting concepts that have distinct effect on children’s sense of self, named parental autonomy support and psychological control. Parental autonomy support contains supportive parental behavior such as offering choices, encouraging initiative, acknowledging perspectives and responding to needs of children. While parental psychological control refers to a type of intrusive control used by parents to constrain or manipulate the behaviors, thinking and feelings of their children, such as guilt induction, personal attack, love withdrawal and authority assertion. The present study intends to test the effect of parental autonomy support and psychological control on adolescents’ orientations to happiness, as well as their respective mediating mechanisms. We hypothesized that parental autonomy support would enhance adolescents’ the meaning orientation, and the satisfaction of basic psychological needs would mediate the positive effect. In addition, the relationship between parental psychological control and the pleasure orientation was unclear, one possible hypothesis was that parental psychological control would decrease adolescents’ use of the pleasure orientation and the negative relationship is mediated through the same mediator as satisfaction of basic psychological needs. Another alternative was that parental psychological control would enhance adolescents’ use of the pleasure orientation and mediated through the adolescents’ present focus. Recruiting 3237 adolescents from high school (Mage = 16.16, SD = 0.85), Study 1 found that parental autonomy support was positively associated with adolescents’ use of the meaning orientation, while parental psychological control was positively associated with adolescents’ use of the pleasure orientation. In study 2, we confirmed the result on an independent sample from middle school and high school students (N = 618, Mage = 14.44, SD = 1.59) and indicated that the adolescents’ basic psychological needs satisfaction mediates the positive relationship between parental autonomy support and the use of meaning orientation. Furthermore, the adolescents’ present focus mediates the positive relationship between parental psychological control and the use of pleasure orientation. In study 3, we recruited 210 high school students as participants (Mage = 16.63, SD = 0.57), and manipulated the adolescents’ perceived parenting style (autonomy support vs. psychological control vs. neutral). The results proved the causal effect of parental autonomy support on the use of meaning orientation through the basic psychological needs satisfaction. While the mediating mechanism of the present focus did not replicate, we still found that the adolescents would use more pleasure orientation under the parental psychological control condition. Based on self-determination theory, the present study conducted in a large sample (Total N = 4065 in three studies) and investigated with multiple methods to explore the impact of parental autonomy support and psychological control on adolescents’ orientations to happiness, and discover their respective mediating mechanisms (i.e., basic psychological needs satisfaction and present focus). The results contribute to investigating the orientations to happiness based on the SDT, and have important implications on enhancing the well-being of adolescents. Our findings also provide insights for parents to consider their interactions with their children. We suggest that future studies should use longitudinal data as well as strictly-controlling experiment to replicate these results.