在家庭教育中，教养方式的亲子感知差异是一个普遍存在的现象，且教养方式亲子感知差异对于预测青少年发展结果有着重要作用。此外，教养方式的亲子感知差异与文化背景密切相关，专制教养，一种具有高水平的要求与控制以及低水平的接纳与回应特点的传统的严厉教养方式，是典型的带有中国文化特点的教养方式，但目前缺乏对于专制教养亲子感知差异的特点、影响及其作用机制的研究。青少年抑郁症状作为影响青少年发展的重要适应指标，一直以来深受研究者关注。以往研究发现父母一般会比子女感知到更高水平的积极教养方式和更低水平的消极教养方式，且亲子感知差异能够显著预测青少年抑郁症状。但这种特点和关联能否在中国文化背景下的专制教养中验证，以及其中的影响机制是什么，是否会存在父母角色和青少年性别间的差异，均有待探究。

因此，本研究选取17所小学6年级的学生和家长，并进行一年的追踪，通过三个研究，逐步探究中国文化背景下专制教养亲子感知差异的特点、其对青少年抑郁症状的影响和亲子关系在其中的作用机制，并进一步检验父母角色和青少年性别差异。本研究的具体结论如下：

（1）在中国文化背景下，专制教养亲子感知差异在亲子性别组合和家庭SES上存在显著差异。具体而言：父子/母子专制教养亲子感知差异程度低于父女/母女，父亲和母亲感知的专制教养水平低于男生，高于女生；低SES家庭的父母感知的专制教养水平低于子女，中等和高SES家庭的父母感知的专制教养水平高于子女，中等SES家庭的专制教养亲子感知差异分数低于高SES家庭。

（2）父母与青少年的专制教养亲子感知差异能够正向显著预测青少年当前抑郁症状，且存在性别组合间的差异，但对于青少年一年后抑郁症状的直接影响不显著。具体表现为：父亲与青少年专制教养亲子感知差异对男生当前抑郁症状的影响小于女生，母亲与青少年专制教养亲子感知差异对男生当前抑郁症状的影响与女生之间不存在显著差异。

（3）父亲/母亲与青少年专制教养亲子感知差异能够通过一年后的亲子关系影响青少年的抑郁症状，且存在亲子性别组合间的差异。具体表现为：在女生家庭中，父女感知差异能够通过父亲亲子亲和影响女生的抑郁症状，母女感知差异通过母亲亲子冲突影响女生的抑郁症状；男生家庭中专制教养亲子感知差异无法通过亲子关系影响男生抑郁症状。

本研究探究了中国文化观念影响下的专制教养亲子感知差异的特点和影响，强调了文化观念对父母教养方式以及亲子之间对于教养方式理解和感知的影响。同时将操作三元模型进一步拓展到具体教养方式领域，丰富了亲子感知差异影响青少年抑郁症状的作用机制。同时也为父母和家庭教育工作者在青少年抑郁症状的预防和干预提供了新的视角。

In family education, the perceived discrepancies in parenting styles between parents and children are a common phenomenon. However, there is currently a lack of research on the impact and mechanisms of these perceived discrepancies in parenting styles. Moreover, the perceived discrepancies in parenting styles are closely related to cultural backgrounds. Authoritarian parenting, a traditional style characterized by high levels of demand and control coupled with low levels of acceptance and responsiveness, is a typical parenting style influenced by Chinese culture. The characteristics and effects of parent-adolescent discrepancies in perceived authoritarian parenting in China remain unknown. Adolescents’ depressive symptoms, as a crucial indicator of adolescent development, have long been of interest to researchers. Previous studies have found that parents generally perceive higher levels of positive parenting styles and lower levels of negative parenting styles compared to their children, and that parent-adolescent discrepancies in perceived parenting styles significantly predict adolescents’ depressive symptoms. However, it is yet to be verified whether these characteristics and correlations hold true in the context of authoritarian parenting within Chinese culture, as well as the underlying mechanisms and potential differences in parental roles and adolescent gender.

Therefore, this study selected sixth-grade students and their parents from 17 primary schools and conducted a one-year follow-up assessment. Through three studies, it gradually explored the characteristics of parent-adolescent discrepancies in perceived authoritarian parenting in the context of Chinese culture, their impact on adolescents’ depressive symptoms, the role of parent-child relationships therein, and the potential differences in parental roles and adolescent gender. The specific conclusions of this study are as follows:

(1) In the context of Chinese culture, there are significant differences in parent-adolescent discrepancies in perceived authoritarian parenting based on parent-adolescent gender combinations and family socioeconomic status (SES). Specifically, the degree of father/mother-son discrepancies in perceived authoritarian parenting is lower than that of father/mother-daughter, and parents perceive lower levels of authoritarian parenting than boys but higher than girls. Parents from low SES families perceive less authoritarian parenting than their children, while parents from middle SES and high SES families perceive more authoritarian parenting than their children, with significantly greater parent-adolescent discrepancies scores in high SES families than in middle SES families.

(2) Parent-adolescent discrepancies in perceived authoritarian parenting positively and significantly predict current adolescents’ depressive symptoms, with gender combination differences. Specifically, the impact of parent-adolescent discrepancies in perceived authoritarian parenting on current adolescents’ depressive symptoms is smaller for boys than for girls when it comes to father-adolescent discrepancies, while there is no significant difference between boys and girls when it comes to mother-adolescent discrepancies. Father/mother-adolescent discrepancies in perceived authoritarian parenting cannot predict adolescents’ depressive symptoms one year later.

(3) Father/mother-adolescent discrepancies in perceived authoritarian parenting can indirectly influence adolescents’ depressive symptoms one year later through parent-child relationships, with gender combination differences. Specifically, in the daughter group, father-daughter discrepancies can influence girls’ depressive symptoms through father-child cohesion, while mother-daughter discrepancies can influence girls’ depressive symptoms through mother-child conflict. There is no significant indirect path in the son group.

This study explored the characteristics and impacts of parent-child discrepancies in perceived authoritarian parenting influenced by Chinese cultural beliefs and further expanded the Operations Triad Model to the specific domain of parenting styles, enriching the mechanisms through which parent-adolescent discrepancies influence adolescents’ depressive symptoms. The results emphasize the importance of studying parent-adolescent discrepancies in parenting styles in the context of Chinese culture and understanding their characteristics and impacts. This study not only provides a new perspective for the prevention and intervention of adolescents’ depressive symptoms but also highlights the importance for parents and family educators to pay attention to differences in parental roles and characteristics of adolescents of different genders in practical family education work, aiming to better promote adolescent growth and development.