哈耶克认为，以苏联计划经济体制为代表的传统社会主义曾经给人们勾画了伟大而美好的蓝图，激发起了人们无尽的想象，调动起了人们无尽的激情，然而，它非但没有把人带上通往自由、富足和美好的道路，反而使人们的自由受到侵犯，最终使人们陷入无比的失望和伤感之中。在哈耶克看来 ，传统社会主义的困境是由于受到理性主义的侵蚀、对经济实行全面控制、政治上缺乏民主法治所致的无法保障个人自由。所以，摆脱困境的方法，首先就是要在思想观念上加以转变，使人们意识到人的理性能力是有限的，同时在经济、政治和法治建设中要重视自发秩序以及市场的功能，只有这样才能实现个体与社会的发展，人类文明的进步。

Hayek believes that the Soviet planned economy as the representative of traditional socialism had outlined a great and wonderful blueprint to people.It inspires people’s endless imagination and arouses people’s endless passion.However,it fails to bring people to free,rich and good road, fanally it leads to violations of people's freedom.In the end,the people fall into extreme disappointation and sadness.For Hayek,the plight of the traditional socialism is due to the erosion of rationalism,full control over the economy,the lack of democracy and the rule of law in politics, which can not protect personal freedom.So,the first method to get rid of the dilemma is to be changed on ideas,which can make people aware of people's rational capacity is limited.At the same time,in the economic,political and legal construction,we should pay attention to the function of spontaneous order in the market.Only in this way,we can achieve the development of individual and social,the progress of human civilization.