民国时期是中国历史上重要的转折时期，这一时期中国的社会福利制度也面临着转型与巨变。寺院作为城市生活空间的重要部分，在民国时期的社会福利事业中发挥了独特的作用和功能。本文运用文献法和比较分析法，通过整理分析民国时期的报纸和档案等一手资料，归纳出民国时期北京寺庙举办社会福利的主要内容，并将其归纳为抚养教育、治病行医、救灾济贫、落脚安置、游玩祈愿五大类。之后，本文分析了民国时期北京寺庙社会福利措施的经济、文化、政治三大社会效应。最后将民国时期的社会福利事业与现代中国的社会福利制度进行了比较，以期为当下中国社会福利制度的建设做出贡献。

The Republic of China period was an important turning point in Chinese history, during which China's social welfare system faced great transformation and changes. As an important part of urban area, Chinese temples at that time played a unique role in social welfare. By using literature method and comparative analysis, this paper summarizes the main contents of social welfare activities in Beijing temples during the period of the Republic of China. And the contents are classified into five categories: raising and education, medical function, providing relief to the poor, place to settle down, and place of entertainment. Later, this paper analyzes the economic, cultural and political social effects of the social welfare measures in temples. Finally, the social welfare system of the Republic of China is compared with that of modern China, in order to contribute to the construction of modern China’s social welfare system.