当前，我国的失业现状让人担忧，大量的失业群体给政治稳定与社会发展带来隐患和危害。这一方面归因于我国人口众多，高知识高技能人才短缺、低学历低技能人员过剩的基本情况，另一方面归因于我国对失业群体的保护支持政策还不够丰富和完善的客观事实。因此，对失业群体的保护与支持政策进行研究具有重要意义。 本研究遵循了假设检验的研究方法，对建国初期失业群体的保护与支持政策进行研究。首先，本研究基于相关理论提出了“收入-资产划分”理念，对失业群体的保护政策和支持政策进行了区分，并按照“收入”稳定性和“资产”流动性对失业群体的保护政策和支持政策进行了细分。其次，本研究提出了三条假设：第一，相等条件下，对失业群体的支持政策相比于对失业群体的保护政策具有更好的政策效果。第二，对失业群体保护政策的“收入”救济稳定性越强、“资产”帮扶流动性越强，政策效果越好。第三，加强多方合作和注重唤醒失业者的个人责任相比于单一的政府行为具有更好的政策效果。再次，本研究重点对国民党政府遗留下来的旧人员妥善安置的政策、对失业人员的帮扶救济的政策、统一安排与自行就业相结合的政策、劳动用工统一归口管理的政策、支持私营工商业发展的政策、鼓励农村劳动力留村务农的政策等建国初期失业群体保护与支持政策进行了考察和假设检验。最后，本研究对研究结果进行了总结与讨论。 基于以上逻辑，本研究共分为五个部分：第一部分，导论。介绍研究的主要问题并对国内外相关研究进行综述。第二部分：相关理论考察与研究设计。主要介绍“收入-资产划分”理念并将保护政策和支持政策进行划分，介绍研究思路和所遵循的研究逻辑与方法。第三部分：建国初期失业群体的保护政策。主要介绍保护政策的内容并对其成效和不足进行评述。第四部分：建国初期失业群体的支持政策。主要介绍支持政策的内容并对其成效和不足进行评述。第五部分：总结与讨论。主要对研究假设进行检验并进一步讨论与结论有关的问题。

At present, China's unemployment situation is still worrying, a large number of unemployed brings hidden danger and harm to political stability and social development. On one hand, it dues to the basic situation that large population, high knowledge skills shortages, low-skilled workers excess in our country, on the other hand, it dues to the objective facts that unemployed protection and support policy in our country is not enough and perfect. So it is great significance to study on the unemployed protection and support policy. This study follows the hypothesis test approach and study the unemployed protection and support policy in early years of the new nation. First of all, this study based on the related theory and puts forward the "income - assets divided" concept, distinguishes the unemployed protection policies and unemployed support policy in accordance with the "income" stability and "asset" liquidity. Second, this study puts forward the three assumptions: (1) In equal conditions, unemployed support policy has better effect than unemployed protection policy. (2) The "income" stability higher, the effect of unemployed protection policy better; the "asset" liquidity higher, the effect of unemployed support policy better. (3) Tripartite collaboration and citizen-government cooperation has a better effect than a single government behavior. Third, this study expound the policies: properly resettle the workers the old government left policy, relief assistance to the unemployed policy, the combination of unified arrangement and self-employment policy, unified to manage labor employment policy, support the private industry and commerce policies, encourage rural Labor to keep farming policies. Then, the study take hypothesis test to the unemployed protection and support policy in early years of the new nation. Finally, this study summarizes and discusses the hypothesis test results. Based on the logic above, the study divides into five parts: the first part, introduction. Introduce the mainly question and review the related research home and abroad. The second part: the related theory and study design. Mainly introduces the "income - assets divided” concept, then divided protection policies and support policies, introduces the study ideas, the study logic and the study methods. The third part: the unemployed protection policy in Early Years of the New Nation. Mainly introduces the content of protection policy and discusses its achievements and deficiencies. The fourth part: the unemployed support policy in Early Years of the New Nation. Mainly introduces the content of support policy and discusses its achievements and deficiencies. The fifth part: the summary and discussion. Do hypothesis test and discusses the related conclusion further.