进入20世纪90年代以来，全球化成为当代世界不可逆转的发展趋势，合作成为个人、群体和国家谋求生存和发展的必然选择。合作学习理论不断受到重视并迅速发展，然而合作学习在我国仍是一种较新的教学理论和策略体系，发展并不成熟，也缺乏实践层面的范例，早期教育领域中则可借鉴的成功方案则少之又少。哈佛大学教授加德纳（H. Gardner）和塔伏茨大学教授费尔德曼（H. Feldman）率领研究小组开发的应用于早期教育方案的光谱方案“博物馆”与“学徒制”项目强调合作学习，为我国发展早期教育合作学习理论和实践提供了大量有价值的、可操作的经验。本研究共分三部分。第一部分主要解释了“博物馆”与“学徒制”成为美国早期教育合作学习典范的原因，分别从“博物馆”与“学徒制”产生的时代背景、理论基础和发展历程三方面考察。第二部分进一步深入细致地剖析了“博物馆”和“学徒制”项目，分别从目的、内容、方法和评价四方面入手分析两个项目的实施过程，全面了解这两个项目的运作过程，具体分析了“博物馆”与“学徒制”中如何进行合作学习。第三部分则全面总结了“博物馆”与“学徒制”项目的特点、经验和启示。首先，分析了“博物馆”与“学徒制”在合作学习目的、学习主体、学习内容、学习情境所具有的特点；接着总结了项目的成功经验；最后反思我国学前教育合作学习中存在的问题，提出“博物馆”与“学徒制”对建构我国学前教育合作学习的启示。

Since 1990’s, with the globalization has become the irresistible trend in our world, cooperation becomes the necessary choice for individual, group and country to strive for existence and development. Thus Cooperative Education is emphasized and it develops fast. However, as a kind of new teaching theory and strategy in China, Cooperative Education is still immature, and is in need of paradigm in practice, especially in early childhood education. At the meantime, Harvard University professor Howard Gardner and Tufts University professor Henry Feldman, leading a research group, has developed Museum and Apprenticeship in Project Spectrum——an early childhood education project. Museum and Apprenticeship advocates emphasizes broad cooperation, which provides a lot of valuable and feasible experiences and strategies for our early education theory and practice. The research can be divided into three parts. The first part mainly explains the reason why Museum and Apprenticeship becomes the paradigm of Cooperative Education in American early childhood education. This part analyzes the reason from era background, theory foundation and development course. The second part further analyses the details of Museum and Apprenticeship in following aspects: goal, content, method and assessment so to learn that the Museum and Apprenticeship how to implement Cooperative Education. The third part concludes the characters, experiences and enlightenments of Cooperative Education.