《反垄断法》明确了保护消费者利益的目的，并在各类垄断行为的规制中有所涉及，但是随着时代的发展，保护力度日显不足。该目标导向在实践中未得到清晰的贯彻，在实践操作层面可以归结为对消费者福利的保护不足，具体体现在：消费者福利保护相关规定未聚焦形成统一的判定标准，且实务中消费者福利常常被忽视或者未展开具体分析，不利于更好地评价竞争损害、实现保护消费者的目的。

在各国反垄断立法中，消费者保护作为立法目的，是反垄断法的价值追求之一，与消费者权益保护法保护的视角和侧重点不同，反垄断法需要进行独立的保护，消费者福利标准承担着保护消费者、评估竞争损害或豁免的重要功能。但根据相关案例实践，这一标准面临存在感不强、适用分析不明确的困境，不能够很好地履行消费者保护的相应职能。从经济学和法学的视角分别考察消费者福利标准的发展和实践情况：梳理评析福利标准的发展脉络和学说观点，进一步明晰消费者福利标准的内涵和重要性；分别检索归纳各类垄断行为规制中有关消费者保护的规定，发现我国立法已经逐步呈现了对消费者福利保护的趋势，如果进行进一步明晰和确定，则能更好加强消费者福利标准的适用；考察实践案例中判定消费者福利的因素，发现主要包括价格、消费者选择和其他因素，并在相关案例中总结出间接保护消费者的因素、适用情况和分析路径。构建更为完善的消费者福利标准，一是要搭建消费者福利分析的框架，将价格分析与非价格分析进行统筹，特别界定明确消费者选择的概念和边界；二是要细化分析，对消费者群体分类，更好地借助经济学工具定量分析，提升分析结果的科学性，并在不同垄断行为中灵活运用；三是要考虑到消费者福利内涵的动态性，以各类指南、规定为载体不断完善消费者福利标准以适应不断发展变化的反垄断实践，在立法中明确其重要性和具体适用方法，并通过指导性案例等方式指引示范，提升定量分析的质量。

The Anti-monopoly Law of China specifies the legislative objective of protecting the interests of consumers, and involves it in the regulations on various monopolistic activities. However, with the development of the times, the protection has become increasingly inadequate. The lack of clear implementation of this objective in practice can be attributed to inadequate protection of consumer welfare, which is embodied in the following aspects: Provisions on protection of consumer welfare fail to focus and form a unified judgment standard, and in practice, consumer welfare is usually neglected or not analyzed in detail, which is not conducive to better appraising competition damages and achieving the purpose of protection of consumers.

In the anti-monopoly legislation of various countries, consumer protection, as the legislative purpose, is one of the values pursued by the Anti-Monopoly Law. The Anti-Monopoly Law protects consumers in a different perspective and emphasis from the Consumer Rights and Interests Protection Act. The Anti-Monopoly Law requires independent protection, and the consumer welfare standard is significant in protecting consumers and assessing harm to or exemption from competition. Through sorting out the relevant case practice, it is found that this standard is faced with the dilemma of weak sense of existence and unclear application and analysis, and can not well perform the corresponding function of consumer protection. Then the second chapter mainly inspects the development and practice of consumer welfare standards from the economic and legal perspectives. Combing and analyzing the development and theoretical viewpoints of consumer welfare standards, further clarifying the connotation and importance of consumer welfare standards. The authors search and summarize the laws with respect to consumer protection concerning monopoly agreements, abuse of market dominance, concentration of business operators respectively, and find that China's legislation has gradually presented the trend of protecting consumer's welfare; further clarification and confirmation of such trend may better strengthen the application of consumer's welfare standards. Examine the factors in judging the welfare of consumers in practical cases that mainly divide into price, choice of consumers and other factors, and summarize the factors of indirect protection of consumers, application conditions and analytical approaches from the relevant cases. The third chapter tries to construct a more perfect standard of consumer welfare. Firstly, we should set up a framework of consumer welfare analysis, coordinate price analysis and non-price analysis, and define the concept and boundary of consumer choice. The second is to refine the analysis, classify consumer groups, make better use of quantitative analysis with economic tools, improve the scientificity of the analysis results, and flexibly apply such results in different monopoly practices. Thirdly, take into account the dynamic nature of the connotation of consumer benefits, constantly improve consumer benefits standards via various guidelines and provisions, in order to adapt to the constantly developing and changing anti-monopoly practice, specify the importance and specific application methods thereof in the legislation, provide guidance through guiding cases and other methods, and enhance the quality of quantitative analysis.