教育选择是个人的权利。开展教育选择，可以提高学校的办学效率，激发校际竞争，进而从根本上促进教育公平。但教育选择积极意义的发挥也需要有相应的制度保障作为依托。具体到学前教育领域，则表现为市场化程度的提高增加了幼儿家长教育选择的机会，而部分家长选择能力的不足又在客观上缩小了他们的选择范围，因此需要政府出台相关政策保障家长的权利。为了深入探索当前北京市幼儿家长择园的总体概况，了解其中存在的问题，探索这些问题的成因，并为相关政府部门制定政策提供数据支持，笔者展开了这一研究。本研究采用文献分析法、问卷调查法和访谈法，通过对北京市7所不同性质、级类的幼儿园中的家长、园所管理者，以及相关教育行政管理人员的调查，研究了北京市3-6岁幼儿家长的择园现状、影响家长择园的因素等问题。具体研究结论如下：1．在择园现状方面，家长阶层与其所选择的园所性质、级类显著相关。在园所性质方面，处于较高社会阶层（从事社会地位较高的工作、家庭月收入水平更高、受教育程度更高且拥有本地户籍）的家长大多选择了公办园，反之则多选择民办园或其他类型的园所。；在园所级类方面，处于较高社会阶层的家长大多选择了示范园和一级一类园，处于中间阶层的家长大多选择一级二类园和二级园，处于较低阶层的家长大多选择无级类园所。其中家长的户籍所在地与其所选园所性质、级类间的相关程度最为显著。2．在影响因素方面，影响北京市3-6岁幼儿家长择园的主要因素依次是幼儿园的环境设备及个人因素、园内课程设置、政府资助及园所收费水平、幼儿园师资力量、便利性以及园所的教学理念。不同阶层的幼儿家长在择园时所受的影响因素不尽相同。总体来说，高阶层的家长在择园时更关心园所的级类、师资和形象等软实力，而低阶层的家长更重视园所的环境设备以及交通上的便利性。在政府资助因素上，首先，现有的政府资助政策倾向于高阶层群体；其次，各阶层家长对未来政府资助政策的期望有同有异：在受资助的意愿上，大部分家长希望接受政府的资助。在受资助的方式上，高阶层家长更倾向直接的资助方式，即将资助直接发放到家长手中；而低阶层家长更倾向于间接的资助方式，即将资助发放到机构，通过降低园所收费支持家长择园。3．建议政府和相关政策制定部门在制定政策时着重关注如下三个问题：第一，在园所布局上，要根据各地区内适龄入园幼儿的数量合理规划幼儿园空间布局，主要应在郊区和城乡结合部地区增建、扩建、改建一些高质量、低收费的园所，满足低阶层家长的择园需求；第二，在政策支持上，政府要加快户籍政策改革的脚步，打破幼儿受资助权利与其户籍身份之间的绑定关系，维护外地在京幼儿父母的择园权利；第三，在政府资助上，要明确资助政策“补偿弱势”的基本取向，同时根据不同阶层家长的需求制定有针对性的资助策略。

Educational choices are people’s rights. It can improve teaching efficiency, stimulate competition between schools, and then promote education equity fundamentally. However, the positive role of educational choices should be played under the protection of effective systems and polices. Specific to early childhood education, it can be concluded that the improvement of market degree adds parental choices, while the shortage of choosing capacity narrows their choosing range objectively, so that the governmental policies are very necessary. Researcher expanded this study in order to reveal the general overview of children’s parents’ kindergarten choosing behaviors in Beijing, understand the existing problems, explore possible causes and provide data support for policy-making departments. Literature analysis, questionnaires investigations and interviews were used as research methods in this paper. We targeted 3-6’s children’s parents, kindergarten managers and educational administrators in 7 kindergartens of different systems, rates and classes as objects, to study parents’ kindergarten-choosing behaviors and influencing factors. The concrete conclusions are as follows:1. In terms of kindergarten choices, parents’ stratum is significantly associated with their kindergartens’ systems, rates and class. In terms of kindergartens’ systems, most parents of high-stratum (with superior jobs, higher monthly incomes, higher educational degrees and local accounts) chose public kindergartens, while parents of low-stratum chose personal or other kinds of kindergartens; in terms of kindergartens’ rates and classes, most parents of high-stratum chose model kindergartens, and kindergartens of R1C1, most parents of middle-stratum chose kindergartens of R1C2 or R2, most parents of low-stratum chose kindergartens of no rate and class, In which account problems endured the most significant degree of correlation with kindergartens’ systems and classes.2. In terms of influencing factors, the order of importance can be stated successively as: kindergartens’ environmental equipments, personnel factors, internal courses, financial funding and kindergarten fees, faculty convenience and teaching ideas.The influencing factors are not identical in different stratums. Overall, high-stratum parents are more concerned about the rates and classes, faculty, and images of the kindergarten, low-stratum parents environmental equipments and convenience on the contrary.In terms of financial funding, firstly, current policies are inclined to high-stratum group; secondly, parents of different stratums have different expectations of funding polices: in funded intention, nearly all parents have willing to be funded; in funded way, high-stratum parents prefer direct funding, which input money to personals, while low-stratum parents are opposite, which input money to kindergartens.3. Government and related departments are advised to focus on 3 points below when making political decisions: first of all, on the issue of kindergartens’ distribution, it’s necessary to program rationally the spatial layout according to the number of children in each area, kindergartens of high-quality and low-charge should be increased, expanded and renovated so as to satisfy low-stratum parents’ needs; secondly, on the issue of policy support, government should accelerate the pace of account reform, break the binding relationship between children’s rights to be funded and their account, so that outsiders’ rights can be maintained; thirdly, on the issue of financial funding, the polices must be titled to vulnerable groups, and targeted funding strategies based on different needs of stratums are also needed as well.