《铁皮鼓》是当代德国作家君特·格拉斯的代表作。书中既有奥斯卡作为个体的成长困惑，也有作者对于二战历史的反思。本文主要从心理学的层面展开讨论，具体表现为运用阿德勒的个体心理学理论，探讨奥斯卡在成长过程中遇到的问题以及产生的原因，而后转入宗教与历史的维度，试图把握这两种背景要素的深层含义。在宗教与历史的部分，依然贯穿着心理学的理论，不过转为威廉·詹姆斯的宗教心理学及社会心理学。最终的目的，则在于通过心理学的方式，理解个体以及群体在特定时期的成长与选择。 本文主要分为三部分：第一章探讨奥斯卡对于在他诞生之前的家族历史的追述，以及诞生后他个人的成长历史，探究身体缺陷及社会兴趣缺失对于个体成长产生的影响；第二章探讨奥斯卡对于基督教的背离，以及他身上隐现的异教倾向；第三章结合历史事实，探究纳粹对于大众心理的诱导，如何使得德国最终走上了侵略扩张与种族清洗的道路。 通过以上三章的描述，本文得出以下结论：对于生活经验的解释，影响着个体进一步的行动，而在初期未能得到妥善解决的问题，将在个体成长中成为持久的障碍。另一方面，群体心理有别于个体，它更容易受到煽动，沦为野心家邪恶目的的工具。

Günter Grass is a German contemporary writer. Die Blechtrommel is his masterpiece. The contents of the book include both Oscar’s confusion of growth and reflections on the history of World War II. With Adler's theory of Individual Psychology, this thesis focuses on Oscar’s developmental problems and causes. Then it turns to religious and historical dimension, trying to grasp the deep meaning of these two background elements. And in this part, William James’ Psychology of Religion and Social Psychology are involved. Through the theory of psychology, the ultimate goal is to understand the growth and selection of individuals and groups in a particular period. This paper is divided into three parts.Chapter 1: it mainly discusses Oscar’s description of his family history and his personal growth history, and explores the impact of physical defect and lack of social interest on the growth of an individual. Chapter 2: it discusses Oscar’s departure from Christianity and his looming Pagan tendency. Chapter 3: combining with historical facts, it explores the induction to popular psychology by Nazi .It also discusses how Germany eventually walked on the way of aggression and expansion and ethnic cleansing. Through the description of these three chapters above, the conclusions are below: the explanation of one’s life experience can affect his further action. And the earlier unsolved problems will become a lasting obstacle in the growth of an individual . In addition, group psychology is different from individual psychology. Groups are more likely to be provoked, which means people may become a tool of careerists’ evil purposes.