环顾全球经济，各种类型的产业集群形成丰富多彩、特征各异的经济区域，世界的财富大都是在这样的区域内创造的。面对蓬勃发展的产业集群，政府的作用是什么，政府应该采取什么行为日益成为主要关注的问题。在回顾国内外关于产业集群的专业分工、外部经济和空间集聚等理论的基础上，探讨产业集群获取外部性和降低交易成本等形成的原因和竞争优势同地方发展的关系，分析产业集群中可能出现的“市场失灵”现象以及参考美国、印度等国产业集群发展的政府实践，强调政府参与集群发展的理论需要和现实必要性。通过展现中国产业集群的发展状况和涵盖大部分传统行业、构成的多样化、地域产业集群的差别化等特点，总结中国产业集群的生产要素分布不均、竞争方式的简单化、缺乏核心产业技术和政府的行为存在失误等问题，提出制定产业集群发展战略规划，引导产业园区合理发展；完善相应的法律法规，加强产业集群区域监管；强化产业集群企业合作，促进相关科研机构的联合；重视人力资源开发，建立人才培养机制；建设高效的适度政府，扶持发展完善的中介服务机构等促进产业集群发展的政策建议。

Looking at the global economy, all types of industrial clusters formed colorful characters of different economic region. The wealth of the world are mostly created in these regions. Faced with the vigorous development of industry clusters, and the functions of the government and what role. The government should take what acts increasingly as a major concern. Reviewing industrial clusters at home and abroad on the professional division, external economic and spatial clustering theory on the basis of Discussion on Industry Cluster external access and reduce transaction costs and the reasons and competitive advantages with the local development, Industry Cluster Analysis of potential "market failure" in reference to the United States, India, among other countries, the development of industrial clusters in the practice, stressing that the participation of the theory of cluster development needs and realities of necessity.Through showing the development of industrial cluster and covering most of the traditional industries, consisting of diversification. Summing up China's industrial clusters uneven distribution of production factors, competition in a simplistic way, the lack of core industrial technology and the conduct of the government was flawed and other issues. Industry Cluster put out the strategic development plan to guide the development of industrial parks reasonable; improve relevant laws and regulations, monitoring Regional industrial cluster; strengthen the industry clusters cooperation, and promote related research institutions in the joint; emphasis on human resource development, personnel training establishment; building efficient government, support the development of a intermediary service institutions.